Anxiolytics, Hypnotics, and Mood Stabilisers

Question 1

How do benzodiazepines work?

Answer 1

They increase the action of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, inducing a calming effect

Question 2

What are some common benzodiazepines?

Answer 2

Diazepam
Lorazepam
Clonazepam
Temazepam
Midazolam

Question 2

What are the risks associated with benzodiazepines?

Answer 2

Development of physiological and psychological dependence and withdrawal symptoms and rebound anxiety when titrating off benzodiazepines

Question 3

What are some side effects of benzodiazepines?

Answer 3

Drowsiness
Dizziness
Decreased alertness and concentration
Impaired motor coordination

Question 4

What is a popular non-benzodiazepine hypnotic?

Answer 4

Zopiclone
* Induces sleep
* Preserve the deep sleep stages for deeper and more restful sleep
* Recommended for short term use

Question 5

What is the first choice treatment for hypomania/mania and the ongoing treatment of bipolar affective disorder?

Answer 5

Lithium

Question 6

What are symptoms of lithium toxicity?

Answer 6

Gastrointestinal symptoms
* Vomiting
* Diarrhea

Neurological symptoms
* Confusion
* Uncontrolled shaking

Question 7

What non-seizure things can anticonvulsant medications be recommended for?

Answer 7

Bipolar affective disorder
Mania
Rapid cycling

Question 8

What are some anticonvulsant medications?

Answer 8

Sodium valproate
Carbamazepine
Lamotrigine