Aortic and Branchial derivatives

Question 1

derivative of the 1st aortic arch

Answer 1

part of the maxiallary artery (branch of the external carotid)

Question 2

derivate of the 2nd aortic arch

Answer 2

stapedial artery

hyoid artery

Question 3

derivative of the 3rd aortic arch

Answer 3

common carotid

proximal of the internal carotid

Question 4

deritave of the 4th aortic arch on the right

Answer 4

proximal part of the subclavian artery where the right recurrent laryngeal wraps around

Question 5

derivative of the 4th aortic arch on the left

Answer 5

aortic arch

Question 6

derivative of the 5th aortic arch

Answer 6

nothing jk

Question 7

derivative of the 6th aortic arch on the left

Answer 7

ductus arterois
proximal part of the pulmonary artery
where left recurrent laryngeal nerce gets caught

Question 8

derivative of the 6th aortic arch on the right

Answer 8

proximal part of the pulmonary artery

Question 9

where is the right recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Answer 9

on the derivative of the 4th aortic arch - proximal part of the subclavian

Question 10

where is the left recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Answer 10

on the derivative of the 6th aortic arch - ductus arteriosus

Question 11

what are the branchial clefts made of

Answer 11

ectoderm

Question 12

what are the branchail arches made of

Answer 12

mesoderm - muscle and artery

neural crest cells - bone and cartilage

Question 13

what are the branchial pouches made of

Answer 13

endoderm

Question 14

what does the 1st branchail cleft become

Answer 14

external auditory meatus

Question 15

external auditory meatus

Answer 15

1st branchial cleft - ectoderm

Question 16

what does the 2nd through 4th clefts become

Answer 16

temporary cervial sinuses - obliterate by proliferation of second arch mesenchyme

Question 17

what is a branchial cleft cyst

Answer 17

in lateral neck

persistence of the cerivical sinus formed from the 2nd thorugh 4th branchial clefts

Question 18

cartilage from the first branchial arch please

Answer 18

meckels cartilage: mandible, malleus, incus, sphenomandibular ligament

Question 19

muscles from the first branchial arch please

Answer 19

muscles of mastication: temporalis, masseters, lateral pterygoind, medial pterygoid, anterior bello fo digastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini

Question 20

what nerves associated with the first branchial arch

Answer 20

V2 and V3

Question 21

what is treacher collins syndrome

Answer 21

first branchial arch neural crest cells fail to migrate = mandibular hypoplasia and facial abnormalities (lmandbile, malleus, incus, spenomandibular ligamnet)

Question 22

what cartilage from the second arch

Answer 22

reichert cartilage - stapes, styloid process, lesser horn of hyoid and stylohyoid ligmanet

Question 23

muscles from second arch

Answer 23

muscles of facial expression, stapedius, stylohoid ,platysma, posterior belly of digastric

Question 24

nerve associated with second branchial arch

Answer 24

VII

Question 25

what is congenital pharyngocutaneous fistula

Answer 25

persistence of second cleft and pouch - fistula between tonsillar area and lateral neck

Question 26

fistula between tonsillar area and lateral neck

Answer 26

persistence of second cleft and pouch - a congenital pharyngocutaneous fistula

Question 27

what cartilage from the third branchail arch

Answer 27

greater horn of the hyoid

Question 28

what muscle from the third branchial arch

Answer 28

stylopharyngeus

Question 29

what nerve for third branchial arch

Answer 29

IX

Question 30

what cartilage from the fourth to sixth branchial arches

Answer 30

thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids, corniculate, cuneiform

Question 31

what muscles with the fourth arch

Answer 31

most pahyrngeal constrictors, cricothyroid, levator veli palatini

Question 32

what nerve with fourth arch

Answer 32

superior laryngeal branch X

Question 33

what muscle with sixth arch

Answer 33

all intrinsic muscles fo larynx except cricothyroid

Question 34

what nerve with sixth arch

Answer 34

recureent laryngeal branch of CN X

Question 35

what arches make up tongue

Answer 35

third and fourth make up posterior 1/3 of tongue

Question 36

what comes from the fifth arch

Answer 36

nothing

Question 37

what CN are both motor and sensory

Answer 37

the ones associated with the branchial arches | V3 (not V2), VII, IX and X

Question 38

what comes from the first branchial pouch

Answer 38

middle ear cavity, eustachain tube, mastoid air cells

Question 39

describe where the ear comes from

Answer 39

external auditory meatus = first branchial cleft malleusand incus - from first branchial arch stapedius = second branchial arch middle ear cavity, eustachian tube, mastoid air cells = first branchail pouch

Question 40

what comes from the second branchial pouch

Answer 40

epithelial lining of the palatine tonsil

Question 41

which pouch contributes to endoderm lined structures fo ear

Answer 41

first branchial pouch

Question 42

what comes from teh dorsal wings of the third branchial pouch

Answer 42

inferior parathyroids

Question 43

what comes from teh ventral wings of the third pouch

Answer 43

the thymus

Question 44

what comes from the third pouch

Answer 44

2x inferior thyroids | 1x thymus

Question 45

what comes from the fourth pouch

Answer 45

dorsal wing - superior parathyroids

Question 46

list everything that comes from the fisrt branchial cleft/arch/pouch

Answer 46

first cleft - external auditory meatus first arch - mandible, malleus, incus, sphenomandibular ligament AND muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani AND CN V2 and V3 first pouch: middle ear cavity, eustachian tube, mastoid air cells

Question 47

list everythign that comes from the second branchial cleft/arch/pouch

Answer 47

second cleft - cervical sinus second arch - stapes, styloid process, lesser horn of hyoid, stylohyoid AND muscles fo facial expression, stapeduis, stylohyoind , platysma, posterior belly of digastric, Cn VII second pouch - epithelial lining of palatine tonsil

Question 48

list everythign that comes from third branchial cleft/arch/pouch

Answer 48

third cleft - cervical sinus third arch - greater horn of hyoid AND stylopharyngeous, IX third pouch - inferior parathyroids, thymus

Question 49

list everything that comes from the fourth branchial cleft/arch/pouch

Answer 49

fourth cleft - cervical sinus fourth arch - thyorid cricoid aryteniods coniculate and cuneiform cartilages AND most pharyngeal constrictors and cirticothyroid and levator veli palatini with CN X superior laryngeal foruth pouch - superior parathyroids

Question 50

list everythign that comes from fifth branchial cleft/arch/pouch

Answer 50

nothing

Question 51

list everything that comes from the sixth branchial cleft/arch/pouch

Answer 51

cleft - nothing arch - thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids, corniculate and cuneiform cartilages AND all intrinsic muscles fo layrnx excetp ricothyroid AND CN X recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 52

describe the pathogenesis of DiGeorge

Answer 52

failure of the third adn foruth branchial pouches

Question 53

describe de george syndrome

Answer 53

``` thymic aplasia (no third pouch) = T cell deficiency parathyroid agenesis (no third or fourth pouch) = hypocalcemia cardiac defects (conotronucal amonalies) ```

Question 54

what is MEN2a pathogenesis

Answer 54

RET oncogence mutatlion | failure of neural crest cells

Question 55

describe Men 2A

Answer 55

pheochromocytoma @ adrenal cortex parathryoid tumor - 3rd and 4th parhngeal pouch medullary thyroid cancer/parafollicular cells - from neural crest cells and associated wiht 4th and 5th pahryngeal pouches.