AOS 1 Musical forms and devices

Question 1

Describe a chord

Answer 1

A group of 2 or more notes played at the same time

Question 2

Describe a triad

Answer 2

A 3 note chord

Question 3

What are the 3 primary chords

Answer 3

I, IV, V

Question 4

What are the secondary chords

Answer 4

ii, iii, vi, vii

Question 5

Give 6 facts about the baroque era

Answer 5

Harpsichord
Ornaments
Terraced dynamics
Basso continuo
Small orchestra
Suite, sonata, oratorio, chorales
Bach, Handel, Vivaldi

Question 6

Give 7 facts about the classical period

Answer 6

Slightly larger orchestra
Piano
Alberti bass
String quartets
Symphony, solo sonata/concerto
Balanced, regular phrases
Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven

Question 7

Give 7 facts about the romantic period

Answer 7

Lyrical, expressive melodies
Large orchestra
Wider range of dynamics
Richer harmonies (chromatic chords)
Programme music
Opera symphony
Tchaikovsky, Grieg, Schumann, Dvorak, Brahms, Verdi, Wagner

Question 8

Define repetition

Answer 8

A musical idea that is repeated exactly

Question 9

Define imitation

Answer 9

A musical idea is copied in another part

Question 10

Define sequence

Answer 10

Repetition of an idea in the same part at a higher or lower pitch

Question 11

Define ostinato

Answer 11

A short, repeated pattern or phrase

Question 12

Define drone

Answer 12

A long held or constantly repeated note(s)

Question 13

Define arpeggio/broken chord

Answer 13

The notes of a chord are individually played

Question 14

Define alberti bass

Answer 14

A broken chord accompaniment (I,V,iii,V) common in the classical period

Question 15

Define anacrusis

Answer 15

An ‘up-beat’ or pickup before the first strong beat

Question 16

Define dotted rhythms

Answer 16

A rhythm using dotted notes (gives a ‘jagged’ or ‘bouncy’ effect)

Question 17

Define syncopation

Answer 17

Off beat accents

Question 18

Define conjunct

Answer 18

Notes that move in steps

Question 19

Define disjunct

Answer 19

Notes that move in leaps/intervals

Question 20

Define regular phrasing

Answer 20

Balanced parts of a melody (like phrases in a sentence) e.g. four bar phrases

Question 21

What is a perfect cadence and what are the chords involved

Answer 21

A strong ending that sounds finished and conplete. A musical full stop. (V-I)

Question 22

What is a plagal cadence and what chords are involved

Answer 22

Sounds finished but softer, Amen (IV-I)

Question 23

What is an imperfect cadence and what chords are involved

Answer 23

Sounds unfinished (I-V, ii-V, vi-V)

Question 24

What is an interrupted cadence and what chords are involved

Answer 24

Moves to an unexpected chords; ‘surprise’ (V-vi)