AOTA-Peds Conditions Flashcards
Congenital heart disease OT treatment
Surgical, activity pacing, education on diet exercise, avoidance of smoking inhalation
Brochopulmonary dysplasia
a result of the prolonged use of mechanical ventilation and other traumatic interventions to treat acute respiratory problems.
It results in** thickening of the airway, formation of excess mucus, and restricted growth.**
Asthma
characterized by bronchial smooth muscle hyperreactivity that causes airway constriction in the lower respiratory tract, difficulty breathing, and wheezing
Cystic fibrosis (CF)
an inherited disorder that causes severe damage to the lungs, digestive system and other organs in the body.
Cystic fibrosis affects the cells that produce mucus, sweat and digestive juices. These secreted fluids are normally thin and slippery. But in people with CF, a defective gene causes the secretions to become sticky and thick. Instead of acting as lubricants, the secretions plug up tubes, ducts and passageways, especially in the lungs and pancreas.
Genetic (inherited) disease that causes sticky, thick mucus to build up in organs.
inherited autosomal recessive disorder, related to chromosome 7
1.Failure to grow properly
2. mucus causes lung infection (d/t clogs)/inability for pancreas to produce enzymes required to break down food.
3. 10-20% of children with CF presents with intestinal blockage
4. Effects on function: exercise intolerance, poor nutrition
complications: reduce life expectancy (30s-40s, some 50s) CF, diabetes, sirroosis, and rectal prolapse rar of complication sof CF
Chronic, progressive lung disease characterized by abnormal mucus produc
Cystic fibrosis (CF) treatment
Educate the client about the disease’s progression.
Instruct the client and his or her family in energy conservation.
Teach techniques to promote efficient breathing.
Med: chest therapy, aerisol, antibiotics, vitamins
Chronic pulmonary disease
characterized by a chronic cough, wheezing, and lower respiratory infections.
Erythrocytes
characterized by too many red blood cells and elevated levels of white blood cells; it is referred to as transient leukemia occurs
1 in 150 with down syndrome
Hemophilia
blood disorder (mostly in males); characterized by the absence or reduction of one of the clotting blood proteins.; longer bleed time; excessive bleeding/bruising; random bleeding with cause; nosebleed
Anemia
iron deficiency in blood; symptomatic of other conditions (lead poisoning, vit. def. leukemia, or sickle cell)
Sickle Cell anemia/OT treatment
a form of anemia caused by abnormally shaped red blood cells.; mostly in African-Americans
-may demostrate low energy for daily tasks; risk for organ damaage resulting from blocked blood flow; pain
OT treatment: pain management
osteogenesis imperfecta/ OT treatment
inherited condition of deformed and abnormally brittle bones; minor trauma can cause fx; decreased bone deposition caused by TYPE I collagen
Educate parents on handling/positioning to prevent fx; monitor activities that promote WB encouraged
Marfan syndrome (arachnodactyly)
caused by an autosomal dominant trait.
It is characterized by** excessive growth at the epiphyseal plates**.
-Presents with long and slender fingers, skull asymmetries, and tall stature. They may also have differences in their joints, eyes, and heart; lax and hypermobile joints; poor dev. straited muscles
-Delayed walking/dev milestones
Achondroplasia
- caused by autosomal dominant trait that results in the ephiphyseal plate growth and cartilage formation
- 4ft or less in height; limbs have typical width, but shorter in length; prominent forehead and a small nonse and jaw; trunk is typical
- Comorbitities (lumbar lordosis, coxa vara, and cubitus varas
- Back and leg pain are common
chondrodystrophia/dwarfish
anchodroplasia
dwarfism; 4” or less; prominent forehead and a small nose/jaw; typical trunk
arthrogryplasia OT treatment
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenital
associated with reduced anterior horn cells in the spinal cord;
-incomplete contracturs of many or all joints (at birth); UE/LE involved, stiff and spindly extremetis, thicken knee/elbow; underdev. muscles/paralysis
OT: increase/maintain ROM/strength by stretching/spliting and serial casting; increase ADL/IADLs, edu, and play through AD.
congential clubfoot &treatment
clinical features include unilateral and bilateral foregoot adduction and supination, heel varus
-caused by autosomal dominant gene; bony malformations and under develeoped LE musculature
_ can be corrected if treated early in childhood with taping, casting, splinting, and ortho surg.
congential club hand & treatment
-Clinical features include partial or full absence of the radius and bowing of the ulnar shaft with absence or underdevelopment of the upper extremity nerves and musculature.
The person’s hand often remains functional. However, progressive casting, static or dynamic splinting, and surgery may be used for cosmetic reasons.
lordosis & OT treatment
abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back condition)/anterior pelvic tilt
OT treatment: stretching tight hip flexors, strengthening abs; postural training; back bracing
kyphosis + treatment
excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back; convexity; upper back
-faulty posture d/t skeletal growth outpacing muscular growth
OT treatment: postural training, strengthening, Milwaukee brace; anterial spinal release/postieral spinal fusion in severe cases.
“Round back”- Scheurmann’s disease
scoliosis + treatment
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine; most serious; poor postural tone, hip contracturs, leg length discrepancy, or pain; curve of 65-80 deg. may result in reduce cardiopulmonary function
bracing (boston brace/thoracolumbosacral orthtic;
OT treatment: postoperative (spinal fusing) strengthening of ab muscles/ ADL adaption
What does a postive Gower sign indicate?
Duchenne’s Muscular dystrophy
A positive test is noted when there is a lack of quads/gluts m in which a person compensates by using their hands to “walk” themselves upright rather than relying on their legs.
