AP Bio Chapter 5

Question 1

cholesterol

Answer 1

lipid found in cell membrane

regulates fluidity n cell at different temps

Question 2

Amphipathic molecules

Answer 2

both hydrophobic and hydrophillic

Question 3

integral

Answer 3

embedded

Question 4

peripheral

Answer 4

in cytoplasm

Question 5

receptor proteins

Answer 5

shape that allow for specific molecule to bind that then causes protein to change shape bringing cellular response

Question 6

enzymatic proteins

Answer 6

enzymes in membrane

Question 7

junction protein

Answer 7

junctions in animal cells that going cells together and allow signalling

Question 8

non polar

Answer 8

able to cross membrane

Question 9

polar

Answer 9

can not cross membrane

Question 10

channel proteins

Answer 10

passing particular molecules through membrane

Question 11

carrier proteins

Answer 11

receive specific substances change shape and carry specific molecules across

Question 12

cell recognition proteins

Answer 12

glycoproteins that help recognize different cells including foreign cells

Question 13

glycolipids

Answer 13

sugar attached to phosopholipids (carb marker on head of phospholipd)

Question 14

glycoproteins

Answer 14

sugar attached to proteins

Question 15

glycocalyx

Answer 15

“sugar coat”, protects cells, cell to cell adhesion, signaling and cell to cell recognition

Question 16

selectively permeable

Answer 16

only certain substances in or out

Question 17

in order to pass through the membrane substances need to be

Answer 17

non polar (no charge)and small

Question 18

concentration gradient

Answer 18

high to low

Question 19

aquaporins

Answer 19

channel proteins that allow water to cross

Question 20

bulk transport

Answer 20

large particles (macromolecules) exit or enter using endocytosis or exocytosis

Question 21

diffusion

Answer 21

High to low (no energy)

Question 22

solution

Answer 22

solvent (water) and solute (solid/ usually the thing that spreads)

Question 23

osmosis

Answer 23

diffusion of water

Question 24

osmotic pressure

Answer 24

pressure in system due to osmosis

Question 25

isotonic

Answer 25

equilibrium equal in and out

Question 26

hypotonic

Answer 26

water in more than out

Question 27

hypertonic

Answer 27

water out more than in

Question 28

turgor pressure

Answer 28

pressure in a plant cell

Question 29

lysis

Answer 29

bursting of cell

Question 30

crenation

Answer 30

creating a raisin shriveling of cell

Question 31

plasmolysis

Answer 31

shrinking of cell

Question 32

facilitated transport

Answer 32

rapid transport with carrier proteins- passive and active

Question 33

active transport

Answer 33

requires energy

Question 34

sodium potassium pump

Answer 34

3 sodium exit the cell requiring energy ( a phospate attatches to protein) 2 potassium then enter Phosphate is released from the protein. this is used by same carrier protein and causes the inside of the cell to be less positively charged than the out side

Question 35

receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 35

pinocytosis that cells to realize specific molecules tho bring them in as a vesicle

Question 36

Extracellular Matrix

Answer 36

EMC- collage and elastin fibers have a support function while fibronectins bind to intergin and in this way, it assist communication between ECM and the cytoskeleton

Question 37

fibronectin

Answer 37

adhesive property

Question 38

intergins

Answer 38

integral proteins connected to fibronectin and cytoskeleton- plays role in cell signalling

Question 39

proteoglycans

Answer 39

aminoicids connected to polysaccharides (bottle brush) signaling

Question 40

adhesion junctions

Answer 40

mechanically attach adjacent cells *most common

Question 41

desmosomes

Answer 41

type of adhesion junction

Question 42

tight junction

Answer 42

impenetrable barriers adjacent cells joined together

Question 43

gap junction

Answer 43

all for communication - 6 membrane proteins that allow molecules through

Question 44

cell wall

Answer 44

in plants

Question 45

plasmodesmata

Answer 45

numerous narrow membranes lined channels that pass through cell walls

Question 46

endocutosis

Answer 46

take in forming a vesicle engulfs

Question 47

exocytosis

Answer 47

spits out opp of endocytosis

Question 48

phagocytosis

Answer 48

solids in

Question 49

pinocytosis

Answer 49

fluids in