Ap Bio - Heredity Flashcards
Ap Biology Unit five
What is the difference between Mitosis and Meiosis?
Mitosis:
- Adds new cells to your body and replaces old cells
- Produces daughter cells that are genetically identical to their mother
Meiosis:
- Produces gametes (sex cells) like sperm and eggs.
- Produces daughter cells with half as many chromosomes as their mother
What are the eight phases of meiosis?
- Interphase
Meiosis 1: - Prophase 1
- Metaphase 1
- Anaphase 1
- Telophase 1 and cytokinesis
Meiosis 2: - Prophase 2
- Metaphase 2
- Anaphase 2
- Telophase 2 and cytokinesis
Interphase has 3 phases, the G1 phase, the S phase, and the G2 phase
What happens during Interphase?
Interphase is composed of 3 phases,
- G1 Phase: cell growth and protein synthesis
- S Phase: DNA and centrosome replication
- G2 Phase: further cell growth and protein synthesis
What happens during Prophase 1?
- Chromosomes are paired with their homologus partners
- Chromosomes undergo a process called crossing over, where they trade parts with one another
What happens during Anaphase 1
- homologues are seperated to oposit sides of the cell
- Sister chomatids are not seperated.
What happends during Telophase 1 and Cytokinesis?
-
What are Homologous Chromosomes?
homologous chromosomes are a pair of chromosomes that:
- are non identical
have around the same:
- length,
- centromere postion
- gene order/ pattern
What are Sister Chromatids?
Sister chromatids are identical copies formed by the DNA replication of a chromosome
with both copies are connected by a common centromere.
What is a Chromatid?
AHHHH WHY WHY WHY
Its just half a chromosome, look it up you need a visual
What is a Zygote
How many chromosomes does the human Zygote have?
A zygote is a fertilized egg cell that results from the fusion of a female and male gamete (egg and sperm).
The human zygote has 46 chromosomes, 23 from the egg and 23 from the sperm.
What are Diploid and Haploid cells?
A diploid cell is a cell that has two sets of chromosomes (“2n”)
A haploid cell only has one set of chromosomes (“n”)
diploid number of chromosomes for humans is 46 the haploid number is 23
The diploid number of chromosomes for humans is 46. The haploid number of chromosomes for humans is 23.
What are Gametes?
Gametes are special haploid cells, that form zyotes. SEX CELLS! SPERM! EGGS! ITS SO SIMPLE OMG
A vast majority of our cells are diploids
What are Alleles?
One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation.
Alleles are found at the same place on a chromosome.
What are Homozygous and Heterozygous organisms?
Homozygous organisms have two identical alleles.
Heterozygous organisms have two different alleles.
In pea plants, T= tall and t= short. TT and tt are homozygous, and Tt are heterozygous.
