AP Bio Unit 1

Question 1

Observations

Answer 1

gathering information using our senses or scientific tools

Question 2

Qualitative

Answer 2

descriptions created using scientific tools

Question 3

Quantitative

Answer 3

measuring the quantity of something; using number

Question 4

Inferences

Answer 4

making explanations for things you observed

Question 5

Control

Answer 5

experiment in which the independent variable is not present

Question 6

Controlled variable

Answer 6

parameters of experiment that do not change

Question 7

Hypothesis

Answer 7

generalized predictive statements that can be applied to various experiments; testable relationship between 2 variables

Question 8

Evolution

Answer 8

change in species over time

Question 9

Natural selection

Answer 9

the varying survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype

Question 10

Selective pressure

Answer 10

the force that is the change in a population. It is the cause

Question 11

Line graphs (3 things)

Answer 11

use continuous data
a previous data point
influences a later data point

Question 12

Bar graphs (2 things)

Answer 12

use for discontinuous data
categorical data

Question 13

Pie chart graphs (2 things)

Answer 13

used to represent parts of a whole
percentages of a unified whole

Question 14

Dependent variable (2 things)

Answer 14

what changes as a result of the change in the independent variable; set on the y axis

Question 15

Independent variable (3 things)

Answer 15

changed by the experimenter in the design of the experiment; set on x axis; should include at least 4 values

Question 16

Covariate

Answer 16

not a part of the experimental manipulation; example of time

Question 17

Validity

Answer 17

a measure of how well your investigation measures what it sets out to measure

Question 18

Accuracy

Answer 18

refers to how close a measured or derived value is to its true value

Question 19

Precision

Answer 19

refers to how close repeated measurements are to each other

Question 20

Systematic errors

Answer 20

consistent, repeatable errors associated with faulty equipment or a flawed design

Question 21

Discontinuous data

Answer 21

the unit of measurement cannot be split

Question 22

Continuous data

Answer 22

the unit of measurement can be a part number; ex: 5.34

Question 23

Fair test

Answer 23

only one variable is manipulated, the independent variable is recorded in the left column, with control values at the top and rows for each treatment

Question 24

Interdependent variables

Answer 24

there is no manipulated variable, but the variables are often correlated

Question 25

Histogram

Answer 25

graph where which bars do touch

Question 26

Variable

Answer 26

any condition that may cause a change in the system being studied

Question 27

Control group

Answer 27

a set of organisms or samples that do not receive the treatment (the independent variable)

Question 28

Artificial selection

Answer 28

selective breeding of plants and animals