AP BIO UNIT 1

Question 1

Amino acid

Answer 1

A basic building block of a protein and polypeptide chains,

Question 2

Anabolic

Answer 2

Endergonic (uses energy), build polymers for energy storage

Question 3

Monomer of a carbohydrate

Answer 3

Monosaccharide

Question 4

Carbon

Answer 4

Used in storage compounds and cell formation in all organisms, has 4 valence electrons that can be used for bonding and will always form 4 covalent bonds.

Question 5

Catabolic

Answer 5

Exergonic (releases energy) breaks down polymers to generate ATP

Question 6

Catalyst

Answer 6

Speeds up reactions

Question 7

Disaccharide

Answer 7

A type of carbohydrate molecule formed by the linkage of two monosaccharide units joined together by a glycosidic (double sugar) bond

Question 8

Hydrogen bond

Answer 8

Interaction involving a hydrogen atom located between a pair of other atoms having a high affinity for electrons

Question 9

Hydrophillic

Answer 9

Mixes with water

Question 10

Hydrophobic

Answer 10

Does not mix with water

Question 11

Ion

Answer 11

Cation: Positive ions formed by losing electrons
Anions: Negative ions formed by gaining electrons

Question 12

Monomer of a lipid

Answer 12

Fatty acid and a glycerol molecule

Question 13

Macromolecule

Answer 13

Large molecules composed of two or more polymers combined together

Question 14

Monomer

Answer 14

1 single building block

Question 15

Monosaccharide

Answer 15

Includes simple sugars. Consist of carbon atoms to which are attached hydrogen atoms. They are basic carbohydrate units

Question 16

Non-polar molecule

Answer 16

The electrical charge is distributed evenly across the molecule,

Question 17

Function of nucleic acid

Answer 17

the storage and expression of genomic information. Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, encodes the information cells need to make proteins.

Question 18

Nucleotide

Answer 18

Nucleotides are the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA. They consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 19

Organic molecule

Answer 19

One or more atoms of carbon are covalently linked to atoms of other elements, most commonly hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen

Question 20

Peptide bond

Answer 20

A peptide bond is a covalent chemical bond, which joins two amino acids by removing H2O from an amino group of one amino acid and a carboxyl group of the adjacent amino acid in a polypeptide chain.

Question 21

Polar molecule

Answer 21

One side of the molecule is positively charge and the other side is negatively charged

Question 22

Polymer

Answer 22

Multiple building blocks put together, different types of bonds link the monomers together to form polymers

Question 23

What is protein made up of

Answer 23

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen (CHON)

Question 24

Substrate

Answer 24

Something that is used to make a product, if paired with enzymes it can speed up the process of making the product

Question 25

Polymer of a carbohydrate

Answer 25

Polysaccharide

Question 26

What is a carbohydrate made of

Answer 26

Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen (1:2:1)

Question 27

Carbohydrate structure

Answer 27

Monosaccharides can be linear or ring shaped hexamer rings. Monomers are held by glycolic bonds.

Question 28

Function of carbohydrates

Answer 28

Its a short term energy source, energy storage, provides structure

Question 29

Monomer of protein

Answer 29

Amino acid

Question 30

Polymer of protein

Answer 30

Polypeptide

Question 31

Function of protein

Answer 31

Transporting, cell signaling, structure, and catalyzing reactions (enzymes)

Question 32

Polar ion

Answer 32

Polar is when there is unequal distribution of electrons - charge is 0

Question 33

Non-polar ion

Answer 33

Charge is 0

Question 34

Polymer of a lipid

Answer 34

triglycerides

Question 35

What are lipids made of

Answer 35

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (1:2 very little oxygen)

Question 36

Lipid function

Answer 36

Long-term energy storage, important structural component of cell membrane, insulation and protection of organs

Question 37

Structure of a lipid

Answer 37

Nonpolar, hydrophobic macromolecules

Question 38

Nucleic acid

Answer 38

Large biomolecules that play essential roles in all cells and viruses.

Question 39

CHNOPS

Answer 39

Most common elements in all living matter

Question 40

Ionic bonds

Answer 40

Transfer electrons

Question 41

Covalent bonds

Answer 41

Sharing- polar/unequal sharing and non-polar/equal sharing

Question 42

Cohesion

Answer 42

Attraction to other water molecules

Question 43

Adhesion

Answer 43

Attraction to other charged compounds

Question 44

Solute

Answer 44

Substance being dissolved

Question 45

Solvent

Answer 45

The thing that is dissolving the solute

Question 46

Solution

Answer 46

The final mixture of the solute dissolved into the solvent