Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AP bio > AP bio Unit 3 > Flashcards

AP bio Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

redox reaction

A

A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

oxidized reactant in cellular respiration

A

glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

reduced reactant in cellular respiration

A

Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

purpose of cellular respiration

A

produce ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

NAD+/NADH

A

an organic molecule that serves as an electron carrier by being oxidized (losing electrons) to NAD+ and reduced (gaining electrons) to NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Role of NAD+ in cellular respiration

A

the NAD+ picks up electrons from glucose and turns to NADH to transport them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

glycolysis location

A

cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

link reaction location

A

mitochondrial matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Krebs cycle location

A

mitochondrial matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Electron transport chain location

A

inner mitochondrial membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

oxidative phosphorylation

A

powered by the redox reactions of the electron transport chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

substrate-level phosphorylation

A

The formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

inputs of glycolysis

A

Glucose, e-, ADP, Pi, H+, NAD+, ATP 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

outputs of glycolysis

A

2 pyruvate, ATP 4, NADH, H+, H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

pyruvate oxidation

A

Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and CO2 that occurs in the mitochondrial matrix in the presence of O2.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Krebs cycle inputs

A

2 Acetyl CoA, 6 NAD+, 2 FAD, 2 ADP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Krebs cycle outputs

A

4 CO2, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Krebs cycle purpose

A

make electron carriers NADH and FADH2 to move on to ETC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

amount of ATP produced per glucose during cellular respiration

A

30 - 32

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Oxidation and Reduction in ETC

A

-NADH is oxidized (loses e-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

-oxygen is reduced (gains e-)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Use of energy from ETC

A

creation of ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

reason for double membrane in mitochondria

A

Hydrogen ions stored between membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How ATP is generated in the ETC

A

The hydrogen ions that went into the membrane from the electron transport chain are forced to leave through an enzyme called ATP synthase which creates ATP from ADP and phosphate with the energy from the hydrogen ions leaving.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Why cellular respiration is completed in steps
To maximize the usage of the energy being produced
26
Step of cellular respiration where glucose is completely oxidized
2 turns of the Krebs cycle
27
Steps of cellular respiration where oxygen is needed
Pyruvate oxidation and the Krebs cycle require oxygen to be present. Oxidative phosphorylation (ETC) requires oxygen as an input
28
final electron acceptor of ETC
oxygen which then creates water
29
Protein pumps in ETC
create the H+ gradient in ETC
30
Oxygen's purpose in ETC
Very electronegative, pulls in the electrons at the end.
31
Enzyme
A protein that catalyzes chemical reactions.
32
Catalyst
A substance that speeds up a reaction without being consumed.
33
Substrate
The reactants that enzymes act upon.
34
Active Site
Region on enzyme where substrate binds.
35
Induced Fit Model
Enzyme changes shape to bind substrate better.
36
Competitive Inhibition
Inhibitor mimics substrate, blocking active site.
37
Noncompetitive Inhibition
Inhibitor binds elsewhere, changing enzyme shape.
38
Cofactors
Nonprotein helpers for enzyme activity.
39
Coenzymes
Organic cofactors that assist enzymes.
40
Energy Coupling
Using exergonic reactions to drive endergonic ones.
41
ATP
Energy carrier with three phosphate groups.
42
ADP
Adenosine diphosphate, lower energy form than ATP.
43
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
Direct transfer of phosphate to ADP from substrate.
44
Oxidative Phosphorylation
ATP production via electron transport chain reactions.
45
Glycolysis
Process breaking down glucose to pyruvate.
46
Krebs Cycle
Series of reactions producing electron carriers and CO2
47
Electron Carriers
Molecules that transport electrons in cellular respiration.
48
Fermentation
Anaerobic process converting sugars to acids or alcohol.
49
Photosynthesis
Process converting light energy into chemical energy.
50
Light Reactions
Convert solar energy into ATP and NADPH.
51
Calvin Cycle
Uses ATP and NADPH to synthesize glucose.
52
Carbon Fixation
Attachment of CO2 to RuBP in Calvin Cycle.
53
Rubisco
Enzyme catalyzing carbon fixation in photosynthesis. Most abundant enzyme on earth
54
G3P
Intermediate product in the Calvin Cycle. one is released at the end while 5 are kept in the cycle
55
Accessory Pigments
Molecules that capture additional light energy.
56
Chloroplast
Organelle where photosynthesis occurs.
57
Thylakoids
Membrane structures in chloroplasts for light reactions.
58
Stroma
Fluid in chloroplasts where Calvin Cycle occurs.
59
Absorption Spectrum
Wavelengths of light absorbed by chlorophyll.
60
pH in Thylakoid Space
Lowest due to high hydrogen ion concentration.
61
pH in Stroma
Highest due to lower hydrogen ion concentration.
62
ATP synthase
Enzyme facilitating ATP production via hydrogen ions.
63
Anthocyanins
Pigments responsible for red, purple, and blue colors in plants.
64
Xanthophylls
Yellow pigments that help in light absorption.
65
Chlorophyll breakdown
Process revealing accessory pigments during autumn.
66
Light reaction inputs and outputs
inputs - 2 H2O, 3 ADP, 3Pi, 2 NADP+; outputs - O2, 2 NADPH, 3 ATP
67
Calvin cycle inputs and outputs
inputs - 3 CO2, 9 ATP, 6 NADPH; outputs - 9 ADP, 6 NADP+, 6 H2O, 9 Pi
68
Photosynthesis Equation
6CO2 + 12H2O + light energy -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
69
Oxidized Molecule in photosynthesis
Water (H2O) loses electrons during photosynthesis.
70
Reduced Molecule in photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide (CO2) gains electrons during photosynthesis.
71
Photosystem I (PSI)
Complex where light energy re-excites electrons for further transfer.
72
NADP+ in photosynthesis
Final electron acceptor in photosynthesis, forming NADPH.
73
PGA
3-carbon molecule formed during carbon fixation phase.
74
Aerobic Respiration
Oxygen-utilizing process generating maximum ATP.
75
Anaerobic Respiration
Oxygen-free process using metals as electron acceptors.
76
Oxidation and reduction in Glycolysis
glucose is oxidized and ADP is reduced
77
Exergonic Reactions
Reactions that release energy, regenerating ATP.
78
Metabolism
Totality of an organism's chemical reactions.
79
Catabolism
Energy-releasing reactions that break down molecules.
80
Anabolism
Energy-requiring reactions that synthesize molecules.

AP bio (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions