AP BIO Unit 5- Heredity

Question 1

Heredity

Answer 1

The passing of traits from parents to offspring.

Question 2

Genes

Answer 2

Basic unit of heredity

Question 3

Mutations

Answer 3

Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell

Question 4

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 4

one set of maternal, and one set of paternal chromosomes form together.

Question 5

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 5

Reproduction that doesn’t involve the fusion of gametes

Question 6

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 6

Reproduction that does involve fusion of sperm and egg that creates a zygote.

Question 7

Karyotype

Answer 7

Someone’s complete set of chromosomes.

Question 8

Somatic Cell

Answer 8

Any cell that isn’t a sex cell

Question 9

Gametic Cell

Answer 9

Sex cell

Question 10

Diploid

Answer 10

2 sets of chromosomes

Question 11

Haploid

Answer 11

One set of chromosomes

Question 12

Autosome

Answer 12

Chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

Question 13

Sex Chromosome

Answer 13

Chromosome that involves sex determination

Question 14

Life Cycle

Answer 14

Sequence of biological changes from the zygote to living human, to death, in terms of humans.

Question 15

Zygote

Answer 15

Fusion of sperm and egg to make a diploid cell

Question 16

Genetics

Answer 16

Branch of biology consisting of inheritance, DNA variations and their interactions between them.

Question 17

Clones

Answer 17

Genetically identical cells.

Question 18

Meiosis

Answer 18

Cell division that takes two parent cells and makes 4 genetically unique cells.

Question 19

Synapsis

Answer 19

Fusion of chromosome pairs at the start of meiosis.

Question 20

Chiasmata

Answer 20

Structure that holds tetrads together.

Question 20

Tetrad

Answer 20

consist of two homologous chromosomes, with a total of four sister chromatids

Question 21

Crossing over

Answer 21

Exchanging of genetic material

Question 22

Independent Assortment

Answer 22

Different genes separate independently when reproductive cells develop.

Question 23

True Breeding

Answer 23

Homozygous for the traits

Question 24

P Generation

Answer 24

Parental Generation

Question 25

F1 Generation

Answer 25

Offspring of P Generation

Question 26

F2 Generation

Answer 26

Offspring of F1 generation

Question 27

Punnett Squares

Answer 27

Ways to cross for certain traits and find its possible phenotype and genotype

Question 28

Monohybrid Cross

Answer 28

Hybrid of two individuals with homozygous genotypes which result in the opposite phenotype for a certain genetic trait.

Question 29

Dihybrid Cross

Answer 29

Cross between two individuals with two observed traits that are controlled by two genes.

Question 30

Phenotype

Answer 30

Observable expression of a gene

Question 31

The Multiplication Rule

Answer 31

p(a+b) = p(a) + p(b)

Question 32

Law of Segregation

Answer 32

alleles segregate randomly into gametes

Question 33

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 33

the alleles of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another

Question 34

The Addition Rule

Answer 34

probability that any one of two or more mutually exclusive events will occur can be ascertained by the addition of their individual probabilities.

Question 35

Recessive Alleles

Answer 35

When present on its own will not affect the individual.

Question 36

Heterozygous

Answer 36

Both recessive and dominants, dominant will be expressed

Question 37

Genotype

Answer 37

Genetic expression, hereditary information

Question 38

Dominant

Answer 38

what will be expressed if the individual has it.

Question 39

Homozygous

Answer 39

same alleles.

Question 40

Pedigrees

Answer 40

Used to analyze the pattern of inheritance.

Question 41

Incomplete dominance

Answer 41

Neither allele is fully dominant

Question 42

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 42

Characteristic influenced by more than 2 genes

Question 43

Multiple alleles

Answer 43

Different versions of a trait that exist in a population

Question 44

Epistasis

Answer 44

expression of one gene is modified

Question 45

X-linked

Answer 45

Disorder on the X chromosome

Question 46

Codominance

Answer 46

Where two alleles are expressed at the same time

Question 47

Y-linked

Answer 47

Disorder on the Y chromosome

Question 48

Hemizygous

Answer 48

Only one copy of a gene instead of the usual 2

Question 49

Barr body

Answer 49

Condensed, inactivated X chromosomes that are typically found exclusively in female mammals.

Question 50

Recombinants

Answer 50

expressed genes that don't look like the parents

Question 51

Linkage map

Answer 51

location of genetic markers on a chromosome

Question 52

Chi Square

Answer 52

Statistical hypothesis test used in the analysis of contingency tables.