Unit 2: Cell Structure

Question 1

Cells

Answer 1

Smallest unit of life that makes up all organisms.

Question 2

Prokaryotes

Answer 2

Single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Question 3

Eukaryotes

Answer 3

Cells that contain a nucleus embedded in the nuclear membrane.

Question 4

Chromosomes

Answer 4

Thread-like structures located in the nucleus that contain DNA.

Question 5

Organelles

Answer 5

Specialized structures within a cell that has to perform structures for that cell.

Question 6

Nucleolus

Answer 6

spherical like structure that produces and assembles ribosomes.

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

Structure made of RNA and protein, it’s the site of protein synthesis.

Question 8

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 8

Membrane-enclosed tubules and sacs that extends from the nuclear membrane throughout the cytoplasm, studded with ribosomes all around. Main function is to produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function.

Question 9

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 9

Membrane-enclosed tubules and sacs that extends from the nuclear membrane throughout the cytoplasm. Main function is to detoxify the cell, and to make lipids.

Question 10

Cisternae

Answer 10

Sacs that make up E.R.

Question 11

Autophagy

Answer 11

The process in which lysosomes regulate the disposal of cellular waste.

Question 12

Lysosomes

Answer 12

Membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of enzymes capable of breaking down all types of biological polymers

Question 13

Peroxisomes

Answer 13

Organelles that carry out oxidative reactions using molecular oxygen

Question 14

Golgi

Answer 14

Processes and packages protein

Question 15

Nucleus

Answer 15

Membrane-enclosed organelle that contains DNA

Question 16

Vacuoles

Answer 16

Takes in and gets rid of waste

Question 17

Mitochondria

Answer 17

Creates ATP

Question 18

Chloroplast

Answer 18

Convert light energy to chemical energy

Question 19

Stroma

Answer 19

Tissue that gives er our body structure/support to other tissues

Question 20

Microfilaments

Answer 20

double-stranded molecules of polymerized fibrous actin

Question 21

Cilia

Answer 21

Move microbes in/out of the airway

Question 21

Actin

Answer 21

multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments

Question 22

Flagella

Answer 22

Bacterial locomotion

Question 23

Plasma Membrane

Answer 23

Separates the interior from the exterior, used for support and protection

Question 24

Krebs Cycle

Answer 24

Series of biochemical reactions to release the energy stored in nutrients through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA

Question 25

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 25

Collection of proteins bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane and organic molecules, which electrons pass through in a series of redox reactions, and release energy.

Question 26

Calvin Cycle

Answer 26

Chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and hydrogen-carrier compounds into glucose.

Question 27

Light Reactions

Answer 27

Photochemical reactions involved in photosynthesis, the main process by which plants acquire energy.

Question 28

Endosymbiotic theory

Answer 28

Two organism live inside one another

Question 29

Photosynthesis

Answer 29

Process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy, fuels metabolism.

Question 30

Amphipathic

Answer 30

having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts.

Question 31

Fluid Mosaic Model

Answer 31

description of the structure of the plasma membrane

Question 32

Integral Proteins

Answer 32

protein that is permanently attached to the biological membrane.

Question 33

Peripheral Proteins

Answer 33

proteins that adhere only temporarily to the biological membrane

Question 34

Glycolipids

Answer 34

carbohydrate-attached lipids

Question 35

Glycoprotein

Answer 35

Proteins containing glycans attached to amino acid side chains

Question 36

Hydrophilic

Answer 36

Loves water

Question 37

Hydrophobic

Answer 37

Doesn't like water

Question 38

Selective Permeability

Answer 38

Allows select molecules to transport across the membrane

Question 39

Polar

Answer 39

Uneven distribution of electrons

Question 40

Nonpolar

Answer 40

Even distribution of electrons

Question 41

Charged

Answer 41

Something that experiences an electrostatic attraction/repulsion

Question 42

Passive Transport

Answer 42

Transport that does not require energy to move substances

Question 43

Active Transport

Answer 43

Transport that does require energy to move substances

Question 44

Concentration Gradient

Answer 44

Solutes moving through a solution or gas from an area with a higher number of particles to an area with a lower number of particles.

Question 45

Endocytosis

Answer 45

ingestion of large particles and the uptake of fluids or macromolecules in small vesicles.

Question 46

Diffusion

Answer 46

net movement from high concentration to low

Question 47

Exocytosis

Answer 47

Transports molecules out of the cell

Question 48

Pinocytosis

Answer 48

process by which the cell takes in the fluids along with dissolved small molecules

Question 49

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 49

passive transport that uses specialized proteins

Question 50

Carrier Proteins

Answer 50

Membrane protein involved in the movement of molecules across a biological membrane.

Question 51

Channel Proteins

Answer 51

Membrane protein involved in the movement of molecules across a biological membrane.

Question 52

Aquaporins

Answer 52

Allows for efficient net movement of water, assists in osmosis

Question 53

Osmosis

Answer 53

diffusion of simply water

Question 54

Tonicity

Answer 54

Tonicity is a measure of the effective osmotic pressure gradient;

Question 55

Hypertonic

Answer 55

Has a higher concentration of solute than another solution, meaning water will flow into it.

Question 56

Isotonic

Answer 56

Has a same amount of solute than another solution

Question 57

Hypotonic

Answer 57

Has a lower concentration of solute than another solution, meaning water will flow out of it.

Question 58

Osmoregulation

Answer 58

Active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism's body fluids

Question 59

Plasmolysis

Answer 59

cells lose water in a hypertonic solution

Question 60

Turgid

Answer 60

Swollen