AP Euro Period 1 Flashcards
(23 cards)
Who is considered the father of humanism?
Petrarch
Petrarch is recognized for his contributions to the development of humanist thought during the Renaissance.
What is the main focus of Castiglione’s work, ‘The Courtier’?
‘The Courtier’ serves as a guide on how to live as a well-rounded male Renaissance man.
What key political concept is introduced in Machiavelli’s ‘The Prince’?
The idea that fear is more effective than love in politics.
What is Erasmus known for in relation to Christian leadership?
‘The Christian Prince’; emphasizes the qualities of a good Christian leader.
What is the significance of Donatello’s work?
He created the first full nude sculpture of a human, commissioned by the Medici family.
What are the main points of Martin Luther’s ‘95 Theses’?
- Advocates for ‘Faith alone’
- Encourages individuals to read the Bible independently
- Rejects the Pope’s authority.
Who was Charles V, and what was his role during the Reformation?
He was the Holy Roman Emperor who signed the Peace of Augsburg and was the most powerful monarch at the time.
What did Bartolomé de las Casas advocate for in the Americas?
He advocated for the rights of natives and helped to stop the slavery of natives in the Americas.
What is the main belief associated with John Calvin?
Predestination and the establishment of Calvinism in Geneva.
What significant action did Henry VIII take regarding the Church of England?
He initiated the Act of Supremacy, establishing the Anglican Church with the Monarch as its head.
What religious changes did Elizabeth I implement in England?
- Made England Protestant
- Allowed clergy to marry
- Eliminated the worship of saints.
Who was Philip II and what was his stance on Catholicism?
He was the King of Spain and a champion of Catholicism.
What was the outcome of Charles I’s rule and the English Civil War?
He attempted to rule without Parliament, leading to his conflict with Oliver Cromwell and eventual execution.
What was the Edict of Nantes issued by Henry IV?
It established religious acceptance for Catholics and Protestants in France.
What was the significance of William and Mary in the English Revolution?
They signed the English Bill of Rights, establishing a parliamentary monarchy.
What did Copernicus propose in the mid-1500s?
The heliocentric theory; he was the first to publish this idea.
What was Galileo’s contribution to the heliocentric theory?
He published dialogues explaining the theory and was later compelled to recant by the Catholic Church.
What major scientific contributions did Newton make in the late 1600s?
He developed laws of gravity and universal gravitation, integrating various scientific ideas.
What was William Harvey known for in biology?
His discovery of the circulation of blood and the function of the heart.
What philosophical approach is Francis Bacon associated with?
Empiricism and the scientific method.
What role did René Descartes play in the development of scientific thought?
He contributed to empiricism and the scientific method as a French mathematician.
What is the main argument of Thomas Hobbes in ‘Leviathan’?
He justifies absolutism, arguing that people are inherently awful and need an absolute monarchy for control.
What concept did Montesquieu introduce regarding government?
The separation of government into three branches of power.
