Ap Euro Unit 6

Question 1

Industrial Revolution

Answer 1

The Industrial Revolution was a period of profound economic, social, and technological change characterized by the transition from agrarian and handicraft economies to industrialized ones.

Question 2

Water Frame

Answer 2

The water frame was a spinning frame powered by water that played a crucial role in the mechanization of textile production during the Industrial Revolution.

Question 3

Spinning Jenny

Answer 3

The spinning jenny was a multi-spindle spinning frame invented by James Hargreaves, enabling one worker to spin multiple threads simultaneously, revolutionizing textile manufacturing.

Question 4

Body Linen

Answer 4

Body linen refers to the undergarments made of linen fabric, which became more widely produced and accessible during the Industrial Revolution.

Question 5

Steam Engine

Answer 5

The steam engine, pioneered by figures like James Watt, was a pivotal invention that powered machinery, transportation, and facilitated industrial growth during the 18th and 19th centuries.

Question 6

The Rocket

Answer 6

The Rocket was an early steam locomotive designed by George Stephenson, marking a significant advancement in railway technology during the Industrial Revolution.

Question 7

Crystal Palace

Answer 7

The Crystal Palace was a cast iron and glass structure built in London to house the Great Exhibition of 1851, showcasing technological and industrial advancements.

Question 8

Thomas Malthus

Answer 8

Malthus, referring to Thomas Malthus, was an economist known for his theory on population growth outpacing food supply, influencing debates on demographics and resource scarcity.

Question 9

David Ricardo

Answer 9

Ricardo, referring to David Ricardo, was an economist known for his theory of comparative advantage, which underpins modern international trade theory.

Question 10

Tariff

Answer 10

A tariff is a tax imposed on imported goods, often used as a tool for protecting domestic industries or raising revenue for governments.

Question 11

Entrepreneur

Answer 11

An entrepreneur is an individual who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on financial risks in pursuit of profit.

Question 12

Fredrich List

Answer 12

Friedrich List was a German economist who advocated for economic nationalism and protective tariffs to develop domestic industries.

Question 13

Economic Nationalism

Answer 13

Economic nationalism is a policy approach that prioritizes the economic interests of a nation, often through protectionist measures and state intervention in the economy.

Question 14

Class-consciousness

Answer 14

Class-consciousness refers to awareness and identification with one’s social class, often associated with the development of labor movements and socialist ideologies.

Question 15

Strutt Family

Answer 15

The Strutt Family were prominent industrialists in England, known for their innovations in textile manufacturing during the Industrial Revolution.

Question 16

Luddties

Answer 16

Luddites were 19th-century English textile workers who protested against the mechanization of their industry by destroying machinery they believed threatened their livelihoods.

Question 17

Factory Act

Answer 17

The Factory Act of 1833 was legislation in the United Kingdom aimed at improving working conditions and regulating child labor in factories.

Question 18

The Mines Act

Answer 18

The Mines Act of 1842 was legislation in the United Kingdom that prohibited women and children from working underground in mines, addressing safety concerns.

Question 19

The Combinnation Act

Answer 19

The Combination Acts were British laws that outlawed trade unions and collective bargaining by workers, repealed in 1824 and 1825.

Question 20

Robert Owen

Answer 20

Robert Owen was a Welsh social reformer and industrialist known for his efforts to improve working conditions and establish cooperative communities.

Question 21

Agricultural Revolution

Answer 21

The Agricultural Revolution refers to a period of significant agricultural innovation and productivity growth preceding the Industrial Revolution.

Question 22

Banalities

Answer 22

Banalities were dues paid to feudal lords by peasants for the use of common lands or other services.

Question 23

Corvee

Answer 23

Corvee was a form of unpaid labor imposed by the state, often on peasants, for public works projects or other duties.

Question 24

Enclosure

Answer 24

Enclosure refers to the process of consolidating and fencing off common lands into individual property holdings, often associated with agricultural improvements in England.

Question 25

Textile

Answer 25

Textile refers to any type of cloth or woven fabric, a key product of the Industrial Revolution and a driving force behind early industrialization.

Question 26

Consumer Revolution

Answer 26

The consumer revolution was a period of increasing consumption of goods and services by households, fueled by rising incomes and the availability of mass-produced goods.

Question 27

Ghettos

Answer 27

Ghettos were segregated areas within cities, often inhabited by marginalized or minority populations.

Question 28

James Watt

Answer 28

James Watt was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer known for his improvements to the steam engine, making it a practical and efficient source of power

Question 29

Chartist Movement

Answer 29

The Chartist Movement was a 19th-century British political movement advocating for democratic reforms, including universal suffrage and the secret ballot.

Question 30

Friedrich Engels

Answer 30

Friedrich Engels was a German philosopher, social scientist, and collaborator with Karl Marx in the development of Marxist theory.

Question 31

Capitalist

Answer 31

A capitalist is an individual who owns capital or means of production and invests in business ventures for profit.

Question 32

Proletariat

Answer 32

The proletariat refers to the working class, particularly those who do not own the means of production, according to Marxist theory.