AP Gov Ch 5 Semia Sims

Question 1

Harriet Tubman

Answer 1

Born a slave in Maryland in the early 1820s, Tubman escaped to freedom and became a conductor on the Underground Railroad

Question 2

abolitionist

Answer 2

A supporter, especially in the early nineteenth century, of ending the institution of slavery

Question 3

civil rights

Answer 3

The government-protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals

Question 4

equal protection clause

Answer 4

Section of the Fourteenth Amendment that guarantees that all citizens receive ¨equal protection of the laws¨

Question 5

Frederick Douglass

Answer 5

A former slave born in the early 1800s who became a leading abolitionist, writer, and suffregist

Question 6

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Answer 6

Leading nineteenth-century feminist, suffragist, and abolitionist who organized the Seneca Falls Convention

Question 7

Lucretia Mott

Answer 7

Leading nineteenth-century feminist, suffragist, and abolitionist who organized the Seneca Falls Convention

Question 8

Seneca Falls Convention

Answer 8

The first major feminist meeting, held in New York State in 1848, which produced the Declaration of Sentiments

Question 9

Dred Scott v Sandford (1857)

Answer 9

A Supreme Court decision that ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional and denied citizenship rights to enslaved African American

Question 10

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 10

President Abraham Lincoln issued this proclamation on January 1, 1863, in the third year of the Civil War

Question 11

Thirteenth Amendment

Answer 11

One of three major amendments ratified after the Civil War; specifically bans slavery in the United States

Question 12

Fourteenth Amendment

Answer 12

One of three major amendments ratified after the Civil War; guarantees equal protection and due process of the law to all U.S. citizens

Question 13

Fifteenth Amendment

Answer 13

One of the three major amendments ratified after the Civil War; specifically enfranchised newly freed male slaves

Question 14

Susan B Anthony

Answer 14

19th century feminist, suffragist, and founder of the national women’s suffrage Association with Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Question 15

Civil rights act of 1875

Answer 15

Passed by Congress to enforce the 14th amendment guarantees equal protection to African-Americans. Granted equal access to public accommodations among other provisions

Question 16

Jim Crow laws

Answer 16

Laws enacted by southern states that required segregation in public schools, theaters, hotels, and other public accommodations

Question 17

Poll taxes

Answer 17

Taxes leveled in many southern states and localities that had to be paid before an eligible voter could cast a ballot

Question 18

Grandfather clause

Answer 18

Voter qualification provision in many southern states that allowed only those citizens who grandfathers had voted before reconstruction to vote unless they passed a wealth or literacy test

Question 19

Progressive era 1890-1920

Answer 19

A period of widespread activism to reform political, economic, and social ills in the United States

Question 20

Plessy v Ferguson 1896

Answer 20

Supreme court case that challenged a Louisiana statute requiring that railroads provide separate accommodations for blacks and whites; the court found that separate but equal accommodations did not violate the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment

Question 21

Separate but equal doctrine

Answer 21

The central tenet of the Plessy V Ferguson decision that claimed that is separate accommodations for blacks and whites did not violate the Constitution. This doctrine was used by southern states to pass widespread discriminatory legislation at the end of the 19th century

Question 22

National Association for the advancement of colored people (NAACP)

Answer 22

An important rights organization founded in 1909 to post segregation, racism, and voting rights violations are targeted against African-Americans

Question 23

National American woman suffrage Association (NAWSA)

Answer 23

Organization created by joining the national and American women suffrage Association

Question 24

Suffrage movement

Answer 24

The drive for voting rights for women that took place in the United States in the 19th and early 20th century until ratification of the 19th amendment in 1920

Question 25

National woman’s party (NWP)

Answer 25

A militant suffrage organization founded in the early 20th century. Members of the NWP were arrested, jailed and even force fed by authorities when they went on a hunger strike to secure voting rights for women

Question 26

19th amendment

Answer 26

Amendment to the constitution passed in the 1920s that guaranteed women the right to vote

Question 27

NAACP legal defense and educational fund (LDF)

Answer 27

The legal arm of the NAACP that successfully litigated the landmark case of Brown versus board of education and the host of other key civil rights cases

Question 28

Thurgood Marshall

Answer 28

A leading civil rights lawyer and the first head of the NAACP legal defense and educational fund. Marshall was the first African-American appointed to the Supreme Court and served on the court from 1967 until 1991

Question 29

Harry S Truman

Answer 29

The 33rd president, a Democrat, who served from 1945 until 1953. Truman became president when Franklin D Roosevelt died in office; he led the United States through the end of the World War II and the start of the cold war

Question 30

Brown V Board of Education 1954

Answer 30

US Supreme Court decision holding that school segregation is inherently unconstitutional because it violates the 14th amendment guarantee of equal protection of the law

Question 31

Dwight D Eisenhower

Answer 31

The 34th president, a Republican, who served from 1953 to 1961. Eisenhower commanded allied forces during World War II

Question 32

Rosa parks

Answer 32

A leading civil rights activist of the 20th century. Parks was the most notably involved with the Montgomery bus boycott

Question 33

Martin Luther King Jr

Answer 33

A Baptist minister, proponent of nonviolence, and the most prominent leader of the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. He was assassinated on April 4, 1968

Question 34

John F Kennedy

Answer 34

The 35th president, a Democrat, who served from 1961 to 1963 and marked a generational shift in the US politics at the height of the cold war. He was assassinated November 22, 1963

Question 35

Civil rights act of 1964

Answer 35

Wide ranging legislation passed by Congress to lost Lake Acacian in public facilities and discrimination in employment, education, and voting; created the equal employment opportunity commission

Question 36

National organization for women (NOW)

Answer 36

The leading activist group of the women’s rights movement, especially in the 1960s and 1970s

Question 37

Eleanor Roosevelt

Answer 37

First lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945. Roosevelt champion human rights throughout her life and serve as the US his first delegate to the United States general assembly and later chaired the UNs commission on human rights

Question 38

Equal pay acts of 1963

Answer 38

Legislation that required employers to pay men and women equal pay for equal work

Question 39

Title IX

Answer 39

Provision of the education amendments of 1972 the bars educational institutions that receive federal funds from discriminating against female students

Question 40

Equal rights amendment (ERA)

Answer 40

Proposed amendment to the Constitution that states “ equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State on account of sex”

Question 41

League of United Latin American citizens (LULAC)

Answer 41

And activist group founded in 1929 to combat discrimination against, and from assimilation among, Americans of Hispanic origin

Question 42

Cesar Chavez

Answer 42

Labor organizer who, with Dolores Huerta, founded the United farm workers union UFW in the 1960s

Question 43

Mexican American legal defense and educational fund MALDEF

Answer 43

And organization modeled on the NAACP legal defense and educational fund that works to protect the civil rights of Americans of Mexican and other Hispanic heritage

Question 44

Chinese exclusion act

Answer 44

A law passed by Congress in 1882 that prohibited all new immigration into the US from China

Question 45

Korematsu V US 1944

Answer 45

Supreme court ruling that upheld the authority of the US government to require mass intermittent of people of Japanese ancestry in the United States during World War II

Question 46

LGBT community

Answer 46

I minority group based on sexual orientation and gender identity that includes lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender LGBT people

Question 47

Lawrence V Texas 2003

Answer 47

A 2003 Supreme Court ruling that anti-sodomy laws violated the constitutional right to privacy

Question 48

United States v Windsor

Answer 48

A supreme court ruling striking down the 1996 defense of marriage act dealMA which prohibited federal recognition of same-sex marriages

Question 49

Obergefell v Hodges 2015

Answer 49

Supreme court ruling that held that same sex couples have a fundamental right to marry under the constitution

Question 50

Americans with disabilities act ADA

Answer 50

A law enacted by Congress in 1990 design to guarantee accommodation and access for people with a wide range of disabilities

Question 51

Standards of review

Answer 51

The levels of deference the court is governments to craft policies that make distinctions on the basis of personal characteristics. The standard stem from the courts need to ensure that laws did not undermine the 14th amendment equal protection clause

Question 52

Suspect classifications

Answer 52

Category your class, such as race or fundamental freedom, that triggers the highest standard of scrutiny from the supreme court

Question 53

Strict scrutiny

Answer 53

A high in standard of review used by the Supreme Court to determine the constitutional validity of a challenge practice. Legislation affecting the fundamental freedoms of speech, assembly, religion, and the press as well as suspect classification are automatically accorded in this level of review

Question 54

Affirmative action

Answer 54

Policies designed to give special attention or compensatory treatment to members of a previously disadvantaged group

Question 55

Intermediate standard of a review

Answer 55

A standard of review in which the court determines whether classifications serve an important governmental objective intercept simply related to serving that objective. Gender-related legislation automatically accorded this level of review

Question 56

Rational basis standard of review

Answer 56

A standard overview in which the court determines whether any rational foundation for the discrimination exist. Legislation affecting individuals based on age, wealth, or generally given this level of review