AP Gov Chap. 14 Esmeralda Ayala

Question 1

interest group

Answer 1

A collection of people or organizations that tries to influence public policy.

Sentences: Recruiting the practices through a special interest group and through self selection is likely to have biased results.

Question 2

American Anti-Slavery Society

Answer 2

A major interest group, founded in 1833, to advocate for the abolition of the institution of slavery throughout the United States.

Sentences: Leadership of the American Anti-Slavery Society soon passed to William Lloyd Garrison.

Question 3

Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

Answer 3

A public interest group created in 1874 with the goal of outlawing the sale of liquor. Its activities included prayer groups, protest marches, lobbying, and the destruction of saloons.

Sentences: The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) was formed in 1874.

Question 4

The Grange

Answer 4

Founded in 1867 as an educational organization for farmers, The Grange evolved into the first truly national interest group by working to protect the political and economic concerns of farming communities and rural areas.

Sentences: The farming community had been grateful for The Grange.

Question 5

lobbyist

Answer 5

Interest group representative who seeks to influence legislation that will benefit his or her organization or client through political and/or financial persuasion.

Sentences: Indeed, there are times when the lobbyist will act more out of loyalty to his network than to his client.

Question 6

Progressive movement

Answer 6

A broad group of political and social activists from the 1890s to the 1920s who opposed corruption in government, supported regulation of monopolies, and sought improvement of socioeconomic conditions.

Sentences: They had been a progressive moment for the political and social activists.

Question 7

public interest group

Answer 7

An organization that seeks a collective good that if achieved will not selectively and materially benefit group members.

Sentences: You should try and get in good with a public interest group to have a good reputation in your community.

Question 8

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Answer 8

Founded in 1886, the AFL brought skilled workers from several trades together into one stronger national organization for the first time. It merged in 1955 with the Congress of Industrial Organizations to from the AFL-CIO.

Sentences: The American Federation of Labor is a federal organization of labor unions.

Question 9

National Association of Manufactures (NAM)

Answer 9

An organization founded in 1895 by manufactures to combat the growth of organized labor.

Sentences: National Association of Manufactures had combat the growth of organized labor.

Question 10

U.S. Chamber of Commerce

Answer 10

A major pro-business lobbying group founded in 1912.

Sentences: The chamber of commerce boosts local business.

Question 11

trade association

Answer 11

A group that represents a specific industry.

Sentences: A lump sum would be paid to a trade association or similar body.

Question 12

Jerry Falwell

Answer 12

A Southern Baptist minister who, in 1978, founded the conservative religious interest group the Moral Majority.

Sentences: Jerry Falwell had founded the group called Moral Majority around 1978.

Question 13

Moral Majority

Answer 13

A conservative religious interest group credited with helping to mobilize conservative Evangelical Christian voters from its founding in 1978 through the presidency of Ronald Reagan.

Sentences: The Moral Majority was an interest group founded by Jerry Falwell.

Question 14

Pat Robertson

Answer 14

A Southern Baptist minister and television evangelist who ran for president in 1988 and in 1989 founded the conservative religious interest group the Christian Coalition.

Sentences: Pat Robertson had been a Southern Baptist and ran for presidency.

Question 15

Christian Coalition

Answer 15

A religious interest group founded in 1989 to advance conservative Christian principles and traditional values in American politics.

Sentences: The Christian Coalition had created a change within the norm American politics.

Question 16

National Rifle Association (NRA)

Answer 16

The major gun-rights lobbying group in the United States, which opposes gun control and advances an expansive interpretation of the Second Amendment.

Sentences: The National Rifle Association had taken charge after several gun violence.

Question 17

AFL-CIO

Answer 17

A large labor union founded in 1955 by the merging of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and its one-time rival the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO).

Sentences: The AFL-CIO had been against the CIO before mergining as one and creating a large labor union.

Question 18

social capital

Answer 18

Cooperative relationships that facilitate the resolution of collective problems.

Sentences: The automotive repair shop had accumulated a wealth of social capital by treating its customers fairly and not taking advantage of senior citizens.

Question 19

civic virtue

Answer 19

The tendency to form small-scale associations for the public good.

Sentences: Instead, most scholars working on this topic have assumed that civic virtue must be promoted indirectly.

Question 20

pluralist theory

Answer 20

The theory that political power is distributed among a wide array of diverse and competing interest groups.

Sentences: The pluralist theory was shared become a larger diverse group.

Question 21

distributive theory

Answer 21

The theory that interest groups form as a result of changes in the political system.

Sentences: Their had been a distributive theory between the husband’s estate and the widow.

Question 22

transactions theory

Answer 22

The theory that public policies are the result of narrowly defined exchanges or transactions among political actors.

Sentences: The transactions theory is the make versus buy decision for companies.

Question 23

collective good

Answer 23

Something of value that cannot be withheld from a nonmember of a group, for example, a tax write-off or a better environment.

Sentences: Normally we expect to see government providing collective goods.

Question 24

economic interest group

Answer 24

A group with the primary purpose of promoting the financial interests of its members.

Sentences: the economic interest group had boosted the financial interest of many members.

Question 25

political action committee (PAC)

Answer 25

Officially recognized fund-raising organization that represents interest groups and is allowed by federal law to make contributions directly to candidates’ campaigns.

Sentences: The governor received over $3 million in campaign contributions from political action committees.

Question 26

lobbying

Answer 26

The activities of a group or organization that seek to persuade political leaders to support the group’s position.

Sentences: A provision intended to prevent lobbying is that no one except legislators and the representatives of the press may be admitted to the floor of the House except by unanimous vote.

Question 27

Marian Wright Edelman

Answer 27

A lawyer who in 1973 founded the Children’s Defense Fund to protect the rights of children, particularly those who are members of disadvantaged groups.

Sentences: What did Marian Wright Edelman help fund?

Question 28

patron

Answer 28

A person who finances a group or individual activity.

Sentences: There had been a patron within the group in the bank.

Question 29

free rider problem

Answer 29

Potential members who fail to join a group because they can get the benefit, or collective good, sought by the group without contributing the effort.

Sentences: The free rider problem in our group created an enormous problem.

Question 30

Lobbying Disclosure Act

Answer 30

A 1995 federal law that employed a strict definition of lobbyist and established strict reporting requirements on the activities of lobbyists.

Sentences: The Lobbying Disclosure Act, as amended, states that the Secretary of the Senate.

Question 31

Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007

Answer 31

Lobbying reform banning gifts to members of Congress and their staffs, toughening disclosure requirements, and increasing time limits on moving from the federal government to the private sector.

Sentences: President Bush signed into law the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007 (HLOGA), which amends the House and Senate Ethics Rules and the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA).