AP Gov Chap. 6 Esmeralda Ayala

Question 1

closure

Answer 1

Mechanism requiring the vote of sixty senators to cut off debate.

Under cloture, the Senate may limit consideration of a pending matter to 30 additional hours of debate.

Question 2

logrolling

Answer 2

Vote trading; voting to support a colleague’s bill in return for a promise of future support.

The purpose of logrolling is to maintain alignment of the spine while turning and moving the patient who has had spinal surgery or suspected or documented spinal injury.

Question 3

Pork

Answer 3

Legislation that allows representatives to bring money and jobs to their districts in the form of public works programs, military bases, or other programs.

Pork barrel is a metaphor for the appropriation of government spending for localized projects secured solely or primarily to bring money to a representative’s district.

Question 4

reconciliation

Answer 4

A procedure that allows consideration of controversial issues affecting the budget by limiting debate to twenty hours, thereby ending threat of a filibuster.

Commissioned him to arrange a reconciliation between the prince of Wales and himself, but the attempt was unsuccessful.

Question 5

veto

Answer 5

The formal, constitutional authority of the president the reject bills passed by both houses of Congress, thus preventing them from becoming law without further congressional action.

The president vetoed the bill.

Question 6

closure

Answer 6

Mechanism requiring the vote of sixty senators to cut off debate.

The government forced the closure of the factory.

Question 7

filibuster

Answer 7

A formal way of halting Senate action on a bill by means of long speeches or unlimited debate.

A filibuster at the end of the 65th Congress caused the Senate to adjourn without confirming the appointment, but the President made him a “ recess “ appointee.

Question 8

hold

Answer 8

A procedure by which a senator asks to be informed before a particular bill or nomination is brought to the floor. This request signals leadership that a member may have objections to the bill (or nomination) and should be consulted before further action is taken.

They must hold their actions and bills till confirmed.

Question 9

markup

Answer 9

A session in which committee members offer changes to a bill before it goes to the floor.

If your product gets really hot and everyone wants it you can add a bit of a markup to get more profit.

Question 10

seniority

Answer 10

Time of continuous service on a committee.

The rest of the twenty-five seats are filled up, as a vacancy occurs, according to seniority of consecration.

Question 11

whip

Answer 11

Party leader who keeps close contact with all members of his or her party, takes vote counts on key legislation, prepares summaries of bills, and acts as a communications link within a party.

A whip is an official of a political party whose task is to ensure party discipline in a legislature.

Question 12

gerrymandering

Answer 12

The drawing of congressional districts to produce a particular electoral outcome without regard to the shape of the district.

The politician hoped to gerrymander the western states so his party could control electoral regions.

Question 13

redistricting

Answer 13

The process of redrawing congressional districts to reflect increases or decreases in seats allotted to the states, as well population shifts within a state.

This number could easily drop to two under a redistricting system that prevented racial gerrymandering.

Question 14

incumbency

Answer 14

Already holding an office.

A rector is incumbent of a benefice never held under a monastery, and he receives all the tithes.

Question 15

politico

Answer 15

An elected representative who acts as a trustee or as a delegate, depending on the issue.

The DNA test attracted bipartisan scorn from Native American groups, Democratic politicos, and academics.

Question 16

delegate

Answer 16

Role played by a representative who votes the way his or her constituents would want, regardless of personal opinions; may refer to an elected representative to Congress or a representative to the party convention.

A delegate must be a member of the association. He was a prominent member of the Republican party, and in 1861 was a delegate to the Peace Conference in Washington.

Question 17

trustee

Answer 17

Role played by an elected representative who listens to constituents’ opinion and then uses his or her best judgement to make a final decision.

The Government stepped in and appointed a mixed commission of Germans and Czechs, which should, as it were, administer the affairs of this country like a trustee for a person incapable of volition.

Question 18

bill

Answer 18

A proposed law.

A bill was passed by the government.

Question 19

apportionment

Answer 19

The process of allotting congressional seats to each state according to its proportion of the population, following the decennial census.

The apportionment of the revenues is settled afresh every five years.

Question 20

bicameral legislature

Answer 20

A two-house legislature.

The adoption of a bicameral system made it possible to give due recognition to both principles.

Question 21

Edmund Burke

Answer 21

Conservative British political philosopher of the eighteenth century who articulated the view that elected representative should act as “trustees” and use their own best judgement when voting.

Edmund Burke was a British political philosopher.

Question 22

majority party

Answer 22

The political party in each house of Congress with the most members.

It should not be confused with majority party.

Question 23

minority party

Answer 23

The political party in each house of Congress with the second most members.

A minority government, or minority cabinet or minority parliament, is a cabinet formed in a parliamentary system when a political party or coalition of parties does not have a majority of overall seats in the parliament.

Question 24

party caucus (or conference)

Answer 24

A formal gathering of all party members.

Members of each major party in the United States Congress meet regularly in closed sessions known as party conferences (Republicans) or party caucuses (Democrats).

Question 25

majority leader

Answer 25

The head of the party controlling the most seats in the House of Representatives or the Senate; is second in authority to the Speaker of the House and in the Senate is regarded as its most powerful member.

But in 1937, the rule giving majority leader right of first recognition was created.

Question 26

minority leader

Answer 26

The head of the party with the second highest number of elected representatives in the House of Representatives or the Senate.

There was a minority leader.

Question 27

president pro tempore

Answer 27

The official chair of the Senate; usually the most senior member of the majority party

There was a president pro tempore once the vice president was gone.

Question 28

standing committee

Answer 28

Committee to which proposed bills are referred; continues from one Congress to the next.

In the United States Congress, standing committees are permanent legislative panels established by the United States House of Representatives and United States Senate rules.

Question 29

joint committee

Answer 29

Standing committee that includes members from both houses of Congress set up to conduct investigations or special studies.

A joint committee of the United States Congress is a congressional committee consisting of both Senate and House members and having jurisdiction over matters of joint interest.

Question 30

conference committee

Answer 30

Special joint committee created to reconcile differences in bills passed by the House and Senate.

The scope is designated separately for each conference committee appointed by the Arizona Senate and the New York Assembly.

Question 31

select (or special) committee

Answer 31

Temporary committee appointed for a specific purpose.

Standing committees are permanent panels identified as such in chamber rules (House Rule X, Senate Rule XXV).

Question 32

Hillary Clinton

Answer 32

First female major party candidate for president of the United States, a Democrat, who ran against President Donald J. Trump in 2016. Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013; New York senator from 2001 to 2009; former first lady.

Hillary Clinton had ran for president.

Question 33

House Committee on Rules

Answer 33

The influential “Rules Committee” determines the scheduling and conditions, such as length of debate and type of allowable amendments, for all bills in the House of Representatives (but not in the Senates, where debate is less regulated).

The Committee on Rules, or more commonly, the Rules Committee, is a committee of the United States House of Representatives.

Question 34

discharge petition

Answer 34

Petition that gives a majority of the House of Representatives the authority the bring an issue to the floor in the face committee inaction.

Lacking any control of the House schedule, Democrats have tried twice unsuccessfully in the past six months to use a discharge petition to force a vote on legislation they support.

Question 35

Committee of the Whole

Answer 35

A procedure that allows the House of Representatives to deliberate with a lower quorum and to expedite consideration and amendment of a bill.

The committee stage of important bills is typically conducted by the committee of the whole, whereas lesser bills may be considered in smaller committees.

Question 36

pocket veto

Answer 36

If Congress adjourns during the ten days the president has to consider a bill passed by both houses of Congress, the bill is considered vetoed without the president’s signature.

The President used the pocket veto to kill the crime bill .

Question 37

Richard M. Nixon

Answer 37

The thirty-seventh president, a Republican, who served from 1969 through 1974. Nixon advocated détente during the Cold War and resigned rather than face impeachment and likely removal from office due to the Watergate scandal.

Richard M. Nixon was a Republican who served from 1969 to 1974.

Question 38

Congressional Budget Act of 1974

Answer 38

Act that established the congressional budgetary process by laying out a plan for congressional action on the annual budget resolution, appropriations, reconciliation, and any other revenue bills.

The 1974 Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act modified the role of Congress in the federal budgetary process.

Question 39

programmatic requests

Answer 39

Federal funds designated for special projects within a state or congressional district. Also referred to as earmarks.

There was a programmatic request.

Question 40

divided government

Answer 40

The political condition in which different political parties control the presidency and at least one house of Congress.

There was a divided government with Democrats and Republicans.

Question 41

War Powers Resolution

Answer 41

Passed by Congress in 1973; the president is limited in the deployment of troops overseas to a sixty-day period in peacetime (which can be extended for an extra thirty days to permit withdrawal) unless Congress explicitly gives its approval for a longer period.

The War Powers Resolution of 1973 is a federal law introduced to check the power of the President in committing the U.S. to an armed conflict without the consent of Congress.

Question 42

congressional review

Answer 42

A process whereby Congress can nullify agency regulations within a 60-day window by passing a joint resolution of legislative disapproval. The president’s approval of the resolution or a two-third majority vote in both houses to overrule a presidential veto is also required.

The law empowers Congress to review, by means of an expedited legislative process, new federal regulations issued by government agencies and, by passage of a joint resolution, to overrule a regulation.

Question 43

senatorial courtesy

Answer 43

A process by which presidents generally allow senators from the state in which a judicial vacancy occurs to block a nomination by simply registering their objection.

Senatorial courtesy is a long-standing unwritten, unofficial, and nonbinding political custom.

Question 44

unified government

Answer 44

The political condition in which the same political party controls the presidency and Congress.

There was a unified government for the presidency and Congress.

Question 45

Congressional Research Service (CRS)

Answer 45

Created in 1914, the non-partisan CRS provides information, studies, and research in support of the work of Congress, and prepares summaries and tracks the progress of all bill.

As a legislative branch agency within the Library of Congress, CRS works primarily and directly for Members of Congress, their Committees and staff on a confidential, nonpartisan basis.

Question 46

Government Accountability Office (GAO)

Answer 46

Established in 1921, the GAO is an independent regulatory agency for the purpose of auditing the financial expenditures of the executive branch and federal agencies; until 2004, the GAO was known as the General Accounting Office.

What had the GAO created?

Question 47

Congressional Budget Office (CBO)

Answer 47

Created in 1974, the CBO provides Congress with evaluations of the potential economic effects of proposed spending policies and also analyzes the president’s budget and economic projections.

What was the CBO?

Question 48

select (or special) committee

Answer 48

Temporary committee appointed for a specific purpose.

There had been a select committee helping the government.