Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AP gov > AP GOV EXAM > Flashcards

AP GOV EXAM Flashcards

(86 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Direct primary

A

An election in which voters choose party nominees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Initiative

A

A procedure we’re a certain number of voters, by petition, proposed law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Representative democracy

A

Government in which people elect those who govern and pass laws, also called a republic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Recall

A

A procedure for submitting to popular vote the removal of a official from office before the end of the term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Referendum

A

A referendum is a direct vote in which the entire electorate is invited to vote on a particular issue or policy. It allows citizens to directly participate in decision-making by expressing their opinion on a specific question.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Majority versus plurality

A

Majority: the candidate or party that wins more than half the votes in election
Plurality: the candidate or party with the most votes not necessarily more than half

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pluralist democracy

A

Different groups of people that influence political decision making

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

direct democracy

A

Citizens have the power to make decisions directly on policy and law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Separation of powers

A

The distribution of constitutional authority among the three branches of government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

checks and Balances

A

A constitutional grant of powers that enables each of the three branches of government to track some acts of the others and therefore ensures that no one branch dominates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Judicial review

A

The power of a court to refuse to enforce law or or a government regulation that in the opinion of the judges conflicts with the US Constitution, established by Marbury versus Madison

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Impeachment

A

A formal accusation by lower house of legislative against a public official: the first step in removal from office

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Divided government

A

Governance divided between the parties, especially when one holds the presidency in the other controls one or both houses of Congress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Partisanship

A

Strong allegiance to one’s own political party often leading to unwillingness to compromise with members of the posing party

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

National supremacy

A

National Supremacy is a constitutional doctrine that states whenever conflict occurs between national state government the actions of the national government prevail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Commerce Clause

A

The clause in the Constitution that gives Congress the power to regulate all business and activities that cross state lines or affect more than one state or another nations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Implied powers

A

Implied powers are those not explicitly stated in the Constitution but are inferred from its language, allowing the federal government to carry out its enumerated powers effectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Necessary and proper clause

A

The Clause in the Constitution setting forth the implied powers of Congress. Congress in addition to its express house has the right to make all laws proper necessary to carry out all powers of constitution best in national government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

full faith and credit clause

A

Across the constitution where states have to accept civil judgment by courts of other states

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Federalism

A

A constitutional arrangement where power is distributed between the central and state government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Preemption

A

Federal laws takes precedence of state laws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Concurrent powers

A

The powers that the constitution gives to both the national and state governments, such as the power to levy taxes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Federal mandate

A

Requirement the federal government imposes as a condition for receiving federal funds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Reserve powers

A

All power is not specifically delegate for national government by constitution, 10th Amendment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Delegated/expressed/ enumerated powers
Power is given explicitly to the national government and listed in the Constitution
26
Devolution
An effect to reduce federal government powers by transferring same responsibility to state government
27
Conservatism
A political philosophy that the government should be limited for other functions of society to work well
28
Political culture
The beliefs of the citizens about their relationships to the government and others
29
political ideology
Political beliefs and values about how the government should work
30
Liberalism
A political philosophy that governments should be used to encourage equality about opportunity
31
Libertarianism
A political ideology which believes in individual liberty and an extremely limited government
32
Political efficacy
A persons confidence in their ability to impact the government
33
Demographic
Characteristics of a certain population that is divided to study specific groups like age, gender, etc
34
Gender gap
The political opinions of men and women in the differences
35
political socialization
The process of how people obtain their beliefs on political issues
36
Reinforce cleavages
Divisions within society that reinforce one other, create groups that are similar
37
Cross cutting cleavages
societal divisions they include groups that conflict with on some ideas but agree on others, example is a Jewish black man
38
Bcra
Largely being soft money, restored longstanding prohibitions on corporations in labor unions, use the generally treasurer funds for electoral purposes, it banned soft money and raised hard money limits to $2,000
39
PAC
The political arm of an interest group that is legally entitled to raise funds on a voluntary basis for members to contribute funds to candidates or political parties
40
Independent expenditures
When an individual, group, or party spends unlimited amounts in campaigns as long as they operate independently from the candidates
41
Amicus curiae brief
A brief filled by an individual organization to present arguments in addition to those presented by the immediate party to a case
42
527 organization
political groups organized under section 527 of the IRS code that may accept and spend unlimited amounts of money on election activities
43
Iron Triangles
I am triangles referred to the stable, mutually beneficial relationship among three entities: government agencies, congressional Committees, and interest groups
44
pluralism
Political system characterized by multiple competitive interest groups that are freely expressive view and compete for influence over policy decisions
45
Lobbying
Engaging in activities aimed at influencing public official and policies they enact
46
Litigation
legal proceeding in a court, a judicial contest determine and enforce legal rights
47
closed primary
primaery election we're only people registered in the party holding the primary can vote
48
Dealignment
Weakening of partisan preferences that point to rejection of both major parties and rise in the number of independence
49
Realigning election
Election during periods of expanded suffrage and change in the economy each society the proves to be a turning point redefines agenda of politics in the alignment voters within the party
50
Soft money
Money raised in an unlimited amount by political parties for party building purposes, now mostly legal
51
Hard money
political contributions to a party, candidate, we're interest groups that are limited and amount and disclosed
52
Caucus
A meeting of local party members to choose a party official for office
53
powers of congress
Cloture, Declare war, make laws,
54
Formal power of the president
Veto or sign bills, Act as commander in chief, appoint federal judges, pardon people, and make treaties
55
Informal powers
Executive order, executive agreement, agenda setting, bullypulpit
56
Who has pwr of the purse and removes justices?
CONGRESS!
57
What does senate do?
Impeach prez, have looser rules for debate, ratifies treaties, and ratifies appointments of the prez
58
open primary
A primary election in which voters, regardless of partys can vote
59
Mid term election
Elections held midway between presidential electionE
60
Exit polls
a survey conducted w/ voter immediately after they cast their vote on election day
61
Random sample
a group of a population selected in such a way that each member has an equal chance of being chosen
62
Selective exposure
citizen choosing to access the media they agree on rather than what they disagree on
63
Retrospective issue voting
voting based on what the official did in the past
64
Public opinion
The distribution of individual preferences of a given issue w/ in a specific population
65
prospective issue voting
voting based on what a candidate pledges to do in the future about an issue if elected
66
General elections
elections in which voter elect officeholders
67
primary elections
election in which voter determine party nominees
68
winner take all district
an election system in which the candidate w/ the most votes win
69
electoral college
electoral system used in electing the prez and vice prz,
70
Frontloading
states may seek an early date for their primary elections
71
safe seat
an elected office that is predictably won by one party or the other, so the success of the party candidate is taken for granted
72
Single member district
an electoral district in which voters choose one representative or official
73
Super PACs
fundraising organizations that can raise and spend unlimited amounts of money from individuals, corporations, but cannot directly contribute to or coordinate with a candidates campaign
74
Issue Advocacy
promoting a particular position of an issue paid by an interest group or individual, but no candidate
75
Sound bite
A radio or video clip of someone speaking usually used in new or political campaigns to convey a message
76
Horse race journalism
Political journalism of elections that focus on who is winning in polls rather than the candidates policy
77
Agenda setting
the process by which media and political actors influence the importance places on issues
78
Gatekeeper Role
Media decides what news gets released and what does not
79
Watchdog role
The role played by the national media, interest groups, and govt actors in investigating political personalities and exposing scandels
80
Selective perception
the process by which individuals perceive what they want in media messages
81
Redistricting
the redrawing of congressional and other legislative district lines following the census, to accommodate population shifts and keep districts as equal as possible
82
Committee chair
An individual is elected to lead a particular committee mostly based on seniority rule
83
Gerrymandering
The drawing of a legislative district boundaries to benefit a party or group or incumbent
84
politico model
A form of government were constituents elect an official who act as trustees or as delegates, depending on the issue
85
War powers act
Act that grants emergency executive powers to president to run war effort
86

AP gov (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions