AP Gov midterm review (Federalism)

Question 1

what is dual federalism?

Answer 1

A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies. (like a layered cake)

Question 2

what is cooperative federalism

Answer 2

A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government (like a marbled cake)

Question 3

what type of federalism does the US have

Answer 3

cooperative federalism; fiscal federalism

Question 4

What is the importance of the 10th amendment?

Answer 4

The Tenth Amendment says that the Federal Government only has those powers delegated in the Constitution. If it isn’t listed, it belongs to the states or to the people.

Question 5

supremacy clause

Answer 5

The Supremacy Clause of the Constitution of the United States establishes that the Constitution, federal laws made under it, and treaties made under its authority, constitute the “supreme Law of the Land”, and thus take priority over any conflicting state laws. this also means the federal government is supreme over the states

Question 6

what are enumerated powers?

Answer 6

enumerated powers are those things that the Constitution explicitly says Congress can do

Question 7

what are the enumerated powers?

Answer 7

to lay and collect taxes; pay debts and borrow money; regulate commerce; coin money; establish post offices; protect patents and copyrights; establish lower courts; declare war; and raise and support an Army and Navy.

Question 8

what are reserve powers?

Answer 8

All powers not specifically delegated by the Federal government are to be reserved or saved for the state governments.

Question 9

what is the elastic clause?

Answer 9

this clause gives the government the power to create laws necessary and proper for carrying out the enumerated list of powers.

Question 10

what is the elastic clause also known as?

Answer 10

the necessary and proper clause

Question 11

what is fiscal federalism?

Answer 11

The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants to influence state and local governments.

Question 12

categorical grants

Answer 12

These are grants that are given with strings attached and are to be used for a specific purpose

Question 13

block grants

Answer 13

these are grants that are given and can be used for a range of things (the more preferred type of grant)

Question 14

what was the Mcullcoch v. Maryland
supreme court case

Answer 14

the court decided that the Federal Government had the right and power to set up a Federal bank and that states did not have the power to tax the Federal Government.

Question 15

importance of Mcullcoch v. Maryland

Answer 15

The case established, once and for all, that when state and federal laws are in conflict, the federal law always wins.

Question 16

what was the United States v. Lopez
supreme court case

Answer 16

This case started because a kid (Lopez) brought an unloaded gun to school to sell to his friend and admitted it leaving him being charged with violating the gun-free zone act but his lawyers challenged the constitutionality of the act itself because it was created due to the commerce clause and the Supreme Court ruled that Congress had exceeded its constitutional authority under the Commerce Clause when it passed a law prohibiting gun possession in local school zones.

Question 17

what is the importance of the United States v. Lopez

Answer 17

it marked the first time in half a century that the Court held Congress had overstepped its power under the Commerce Clause.

Question 18

what was the Obergefell v. Hodges
supreme court case

Answer 18

This case started because two guys who lived in Ohio couldn’t get married there so they got married in another state that would allow it and when his partner died Ohio wouldn’t recognize him as his surviving spouse. Obergefell and 13 others argued that this violated their 14th amendment so as result it ended up that states must allow and recognize same-sex marriage and recognize all marriages that were lawfully performed out of state under the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment

Question 19

what is the importance of Obergefell v. Hodges?

Answer 19

all same-sex couples are guaranteed the right to marry, which extended legal marriage recognition to same-sex couples throughout the United States

Question 20

what was the Gibbons v. Ogden supreme court case?

Answer 20

this case started because Ogden had a license to navigate from New York to the New Jersey coast but found himself in competition with Thomas Gibbons who had been permitted to use waterways by the federal government. In this case, Chief Justice John Marshall’s Court ruled that Congress had power to regulate commerce and that federal law takes procedure over state laws. Meaning Gibbons won

Question 21

what is the importance of Gibbons v. Ogden?

Answer 21

Court ruled that Congress could regulate interstate commerce given the commerce clause because of Congress’s power over the national economy. Congress can regulate trade and states did not share the authority to regulate interstate commerce because it dealt with the national economy.