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AP Government & Politics > AP Gov Unit 2 > Flashcards

AP Gov Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Amicus Curiae Briefs

A

a text that is authorized in its field to be used as evidence in court

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2
Q

Appellate Jurisdiction

A
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3
Q

Apportionment, Reapportionment

A
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4
Q

Age Requirements

A
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5
Q

Appropriations

A
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6
Q

Appropriations Bill

A
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7
Q

Bicameral

A
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8
Q

Bipartisan

A

Agreement or cooperation of two political parties that usually oppose each other’s policies.

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9
Q

Blue Dog Democrats

A

Democratic Party in the United States House of Representative who identify as centrists or conservatives.

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10
Q

Budget and Impoundment Control (1974)

A

Established procedures to prevent the President and other government officials from unilaterally substituting their own funding decisions for those of the Congress.

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11
Q

Budget Process

A

The process of planning future business activities by establishing performance goals and putting them into a formal plan

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12
Q

Budget Resolution

A

Congress sets total spending, revenues, the surplus or deficit, and the public debt. The budget may also include reconciliation instructions.

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13
Q

Bully Pulpit

A

A public office or position of authority that provides its occupant with an outstanding opportunity to speak out on any issue.

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14
Q

Cabinet Departments

A

A department or other government agency that directly supports the work of the government’s central executive office, usually the cabinet and/or prime minister, rather than specific ministerial portfolios.

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15
Q

Caucus

A

A meeting at which local members of political party register their preference among candidates running for office or select delegates to attend a convention

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16
Q

Chairpersons

A

A chairman or chairwoman

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17
Q

Chief Executive

A

A chief executive officer, chief administrator officer, central executive officer, or just chief executive, is one of a number of corporate executives in charge of managing an organization – especially an independent legal entity such as a company or nonprofit institution.

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18
Q

Civil Courts

A

A court dealing with noncriminal cases.

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19
Q

Civil Service

A

The permanent professional branches of a government’s administration, excluding military and judicial branches and elected politicians.

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20
Q

Coattails

A

The coattail effect or down-ballot effect is the tendency for a popular political party leader to attract votes for other candidates of the same party in an election.

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21
Q

Commander-in-Chief

A

A head of state or officer in supreme command of a country’s armed forces.

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22
Q

Common Law

A

It’s the body of unwritten laws that is based on legal precedents which were established by the courts.

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23
Q

Competing Interests

A

It’s when the a “conflict of interest” can occur when you or your employer or sponsor have a financial, commercial, legal, or professional relationship with other organizations or people working with them that could possibly help with your research.

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24
Q

Compliance Monitoring

A

A continuous process to ensure that affected staff is following all policies and procedures in the manual.

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25
Q

Concurring Opinion

A

It’s an opinion that agrees with the majority opinion but does not agree with the rationale behind it.

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26
Q

Conference Committees

A

It’s a joint committee of the United States Congress appointed by the House of Representative and Senate to resolve disagreements on a particular bill.

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27
Q

Confirmation Controversies

A
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28
Q

Congressional Sessions

A

It’s an annual series of meetings of a Congress.

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29
Q

Congressman, Congresswoman

A
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30
Q

Constituencies

A
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31
Q

Continuing Resolutions

A
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32
Q

Council of Economic Advisors

A
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33
Q

Courts of Appeal / Circuit Courts

A
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34
Q

Courts of Origin

A
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35
Q

Criminal Courts

A
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36
Q

Defendants

A
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37
Q

Defense (in a courtroom setting)

A
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38
Q

Deficits and Debts

A
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39
Q

Delegate

A
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40
Q

Discharge Petition

A
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41
Q

Dissenting Opinion

A
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42
Q

District Courts

A
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43
Q

Dual Court System

A
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44
Q

Earmarks

A
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45
Q

Department of Education

A
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46
Q

Entitlements

A
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47
Q

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

A
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48
Q

Executive Agreements

A
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49
Q

Executive Orders

A
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50
Q

Federal Election Commission (FEC)

A
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51
Q

Federal Budget

A
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52
Q

Filibuster and Cloture

A
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53
Q

Fiscal Year

A
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54
Q

Floor (in a political sense)

A
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55
Q

Formal Powers

A
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56
Q

Freedom Caucus

A
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57
Q

General Jurisdiction

A

A court’s authority to hear any type of case which is not vested in another court.

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58
Q

Gerrymandering

A

Manipulate the boundaries of an electoral constituency to favor one party or class.

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59
Q

Hastert Rule (Majority of the Majority)

A

An informal rule that the House of Representatives use where they make sure they have a majority vote from the majority party before they start the vote.

60
Q

Hearings

A

An opportunity to state one’s case.

61
Q

Holds

A

A senator telling the Senate leaders that they don’t want whatever nomination or bill they’re voting for to reach the floor.

62
Q

Homeland Security

A

Homeland security is a national effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, reduce the vulnerability of the United States to terrorism, and minimize the damage from attacks that do occur.

63
Q

Impeach and Remove

A

if a federal official commits a crime or otherwise acts improperly, the House of Representatives may impeach—formally charge—that official. If the official subsequently is convicted in a Senate impeachment trial, he is removed from office.

64
Q

Incumbent

A

The incumbent is the current holder of an office or position, usually in relation to an election. For example, in an election for president, the incumbent is the person holding or acting in the office of president before the election, whether seeking re-election or not.

65
Q

Independent Agencies

A

Independent federal agency is a term used to describe an executive agency that operates with some degree of autonomy from the executive branch. These agencies are generally headed by a commission or board made up of five to seven members.

66
Q

Informal Powers

A

Power. Definition. Bargaining and persuasion. Setting priorities for Congress and attempting to get majorities to put through the president’s legislative agenda. Issuing executive orders.

67
Q

Investigative Powers

A

legislative investigative powers, powers of a lawmaking body to conduct investigations. In most countries this power is exercised primarily to provide a check on the executive branch of government.

68
Q

Issue Networks (Iron Triangles)

A

Alliances among bureaucrats, interest groups, and congressional subcommittee members and staff sometimes form to promote their common causes. Also known as subgovernments.

69
Q

Joint Chiefs

A
70
Q

Joint Committee

A
71
Q

Judicial Activism

A
72
Q

Judicial Review

A
73
Q

Lame-Duck

A
74
Q

Legislative Gridlock

A
75
Q

Legislative Veto

A
76
Q

Life Terms

A
77
Q

Limited & Exclusive Jurisdiction

A
78
Q

Lincoln’s Suspension of Writs

A
79
Q

Litigants and Standing to Sue

A
80
Q

Logrolling (in a political sense)

A
81
Q

Majority Leader

A
82
Q

Majority Opinion

A
83
Q

Markup

A
84
Q

Media Manipulation

A
85
Q

Merit Reforms

A
86
Q

Minority Leader

A
87
Q

Monetarism Theory

A
88
Q

Monetary Policies

A
89
Q

National Security Council

A
90
Q

New Social Media

A
91
Q

Nomination Authority

A
92
Q

Nuclear Option (in a political sense, not actual nuclear weapons)

A
93
Q

Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

A

The Office of Management and Budget oversees the implementation of the President’s vision across the Executive Branch.

94
Q

Office of Management and Budget (OMB) versus the Congressional Budget Office (CBO)

A

Both create budget forecasts, however they have many differences between the two.

95
Q

Omnibus (bill)

A

An omnibus bill is a proposed law that covers a number of diverse or unrelated topics

96
Q

Original Intent / Originalism

A

The original intent theory, which holds that interpretation of a written constitution is (or should be) consistent with what those who drafted and ratified it intended the meaning to be.

97
Q

Override

A

use one’s authority to reject or cancel

98
Q

Oversight

A

an unintentional failure to notice or do something.

99
Q

Patriot Act

A
100
Q

Patronage

A
101
Q

Plaintiffs

A
102
Q

Policy Initiatives

A
103
Q

Political Influences on Presidential Appointments

A
104
Q

Politico

A
105
Q

Pork (in a political sense)

A
106
Q

Power of the Purse

A
107
Q

Precedents

A
108
Q

President of the Senate

A
109
Q

Press Conferences

A
110
Q

Pro-Tempore

A
111
Q

Quasi-Executive Powers (enact)

A
112
Q

Quasi-Legislative Powers (Write)

A
113
Q

Quasi-Judicial Powers (enforce)

A
114
Q

Recess Appointments

A
115
Q

Removal Powers

A
116
Q

Riders

A
117
Q

Rule of 4

A
118
Q

Rules Committee

A
119
Q

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

A
120
Q

Select Committee

A
121
Q

Senate Judiciary Committee

A
122
Q

Senator

A
123
Q

Senatorial Advice and Consent

A

A power of the United States Senate to be consulted on and approve treaties signed and appointments made by the president of the United States to public positions such as Cabinet secretaries, federal judges, Officers of the Armed Forces, United States attorneys, etc.

124
Q

Speaker (of the House)

A

The presiding officer in the House of Representatives, formally elected by the House but actually selected by the majority party.

125
Q

Spin (in a political sense)

A

A form of propaganda, achieved through providing an interpretation of an event or campaign to persuade public opinion in favor or against a certain organization or public figure.

126
Q

Standing Committee

A

A permanent committee established in a legislature, usually focusing on a policy area.

127
Q

Stare Decisis

A

“Let the decision stand” meaning principle that a question once considered by a court and answered must elicit the same response each time the same issue is brought before the courts.

128
Q

State

A

A body of people living in a defined territory who have government with the power tot make and enforce law without the consent of any higher authority.

129
Q

Statutory Law

A
130
Q

Subpoena

A
131
Q

Subpoena Powers

A
132
Q

Succession

A
133
Q

Terms and Limits

A
134
Q

Terms of Office

A
135
Q

Testifying Powers

A
136
Q

The Federal Reserve

A
137
Q

Department of Transportation

A
138
Q

Treaty Approval

A
139
Q

Trustee

A
140
Q

Unanimous Consent Procedures

A
141
Q

Department of Veteran’s Affairs

A

an agency of the federal government that provides benefits for health care and cemetery service to military veterans

142
Q

Veto and Pocket Veto

A

The pocket veto is an absolute veto that cannot be overridden. The veto becomes effective when the President fails to sign a bill after Congress has adjourned and is unable to override the veto.

143
Q

Wars Powers Resolution

A

A resolution of Congress declaring that the president can send troops into action abroad only by authorization of Congress or if U.S. troops are already under attack or seriously threatened

144
Q

Ways and Means Committee

A

A ways and means committee is a government body that is charged with reviewing and making recommendations for government budgets

145
Q

Whips (in a political sense)

A

A whip is an official of a political party whose task is to ensure party discipline in a legislature

146
Q

White House Office (WHO)

A

The White House Office is an entity within the Executive Office of the President of the United States.

147
Q

Writs of Certiorari (Cert Petitions)

A

An order by a higher court directing a lower court to send up a case for review

AP Government & Politics (5 decks)

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