AP gov Unit 5 Flashcards
(93 cards)
1
Q
who has the right to vote
A
in the 1800, only the white man with land gets to vote.
2
Q
Article 1 section 4
A
who can vote is left to the state but the congress may alter the regulation
3
Q
15th amendment
A
recognized the right of black men to vote
4
Q
17th amendment
A
granted the people the right to vote senators into office
5
Q
19th amendment
A
recognized women’s right to vote
6
Q
24th amendment
A
Abolished poll taxes which were used to suppress the minority vote
7
Q
26th amendment
A
lowered the voting age from 21 to 18
8
Q
Two caveats after the amendment prevent people from voting
A
1st: Some states establish barriers for people to vote.
2nd: state limits the voting of some group of individuals, such as convicted felons.
9
Q
four ways that inform the way people vote.
A
Rational Choice voting
retrospective
10
Q
Rational Choice voting
A
person votes based on their individual self-interest, carefully studies the issues and platforms
11
Q
retrospective voting
A
A person votes based on the recent past tract record of the politician in question
12
Q
prospective voting
A
Person votes based on predictions of how a party or candidate will perform in the future
13
Q
party line voting
A
person votes for all the candidates of the voter’s party
14
Q
franchise
A
right to vote
15
Q
14th amendment
A
granted ciizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the united states
16
Q
voter turnout
A
why people vote and the barrier to vote
17
Q
voter turnout
A
structure barriers
18
Q
voter turnout-structure barriers
A
a policy or law that can prevent people from voting or encourage people to vote. i.e. voter ID.
19
Q
voter ID argument
A
republicans argue that ID laws decrease the possibility of voter fraud.
-democratic state can vote without ID. Democrats point to a growing body of research that indicates voter fraud is not a serious threat and almost never happens. Therefore, these laws only serve to keep minority out of the voting booth
20
Q
Originally who can vote
A
white man with properties
21
Q
voter turnout-political efficacy
A
A citizen’s belief about whether their vote matters.
-democrats in a republican state
-politician in office didn’t keep the promise or a turd–no reason to vote
22
Q
voter turnout-demographics
A
senior citizens vote at higher number
23
Q
voter turnout-Type of election
A
national election gets more participation then state election
24
Q
factors affect voter’s choices when they vote
A
party identification/ideological orientation
candidate characteristics
comtemplary political issues
religious, gender, ethnicity
25
political efficacy
a cicizen's believe thier vote matters
26
demographic group conssitely votes in the highest numbers
senior
27
type of election has higer turnout in US
national election/presidential election
28
linkage instituion and explain the function and impact of political parties on the electorate and government
29
linkage institution
societal structre that connects people to their government or the political process
--the structure that intermediary the people and their elected official/policy markers.
30
Linkage institutions:
political parties
interest groups
elections
Media
31
Linkage institution- Political parties
an organization at least partially defined by a certain ideological belief that puts forward candidates for election
32
Republican
conservative
33
democrats
liberal
34
What parties actually do
1-mobilization and education of voters
2.write and publish the party platform
3. find quality candidates
4. provide campaign management support for their candidates
35
canvassing campaigns
door to door; put up signs; call people;
36
party platform
policy reflects ideology
37
The ideal candidate has a few characteristic
likeable, significant followers, unit different segments of the party, faise money
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the party provide campaign management support of condition,
fundraiser, implmenting stratgies to win election
39
explain how political party change or adapt overtime
40
how parties change:
-The way parties interact with candidates
-parties have changed their platforms over time in order to appeal to a larger swath of the electorate
-altering the entire party structure
--campaign finance Laws
--communication and data management technology
41
The way parties interact with candidates
Past: the party mattered and the candidate was secondary
Present: the candidate matters and the party is secondary.
42
coalitions
demographic group, i.e. millennials, retired persons or evangelical Christians
-the coalitions can alter the outcome of an election.
43
party realignment
party realigns itself
44
campaign finance Laws
The amount of money that is lawfuly be n[ to cancddafesl
45
psychographics
classify people according to their inner life: personality, attitudes, aspirations, and desries
46
project ORCA
47
the great depression influence political party realighmtn
it led black american to wisth to democratic party
48
Third-party political group-why is there?
-winner-take all voting discdrics
-incorporation of third party agendas into the two major parties' platforms
49
proportional system versus winner takes all system
proportional system-if one party get 30% of the vote, they get 30% of the seats.
50
why can't third party win: adoption of platforms by major parties
conscious of the nation-- each party is running on an agenda but this agenda into one of the party's platform.
51
linkage institution: interest-group
explain the benefits and potential problesm of interest-group influence on elections and policy making
explain how variation in types and resources of interest groups affects their ability to influence elections and policy making
52
interest group
a group of people who gather around a policy issue in order to persuade policy makers to pass legislation favorable to the group
53
four reasons why interest group exist?
1. educate voters and office holders on the interest group' chosen issue
2. engage in lobbying
--hold meetings with policy makers to tr to influence them to pass legislation in their favor
3. Draft legislation
4. moblilkize its members to apply pressure on and workwith legislators and government agencies.
54
engage in lobbying
hold meetings with policy makers to tr to influence them to pass legislation in their favor
55
iron triangle
the strong, mutaully beneficail relationship between interest groups, congressional committees and government agencies.,
members of congressional committees are especially helped by interest groups:
-provide them with policy information
-provie campaign donations if the representative is sympathetic to groups' goals
56
interest group becomes issue network
interest group comes togehter to achieve a short time policy goal
57
Hindered interest group
an interest group's activity can be influenced by inequality of political and economic resources
Unequal access to decision-makers
free rider
58
Benefits of interest group
59
single issue interest groups
only focus on one agenda. ie pro-gun groups; pro-life and pro-choice
60
group: social movement and protest movement
they overlapped each other in their intention and purpose.
61
prohibition movement
women tired of the rampant and drukeness of man. They
62
civil moment
fight for black people's right led by martin luther
63
the steps of groups influencing policy
social and protest movements get notions attention on certain realities that need to be changed
Interest group step in and draft potential legislation to present to lawmaker
when it comes to actually making laws, political parties bureaucratic agencies get involved
when I comes time to imprelemnt and execute the law, bureaucratic agencies figure out the rules and regulation to accomplish that
the law is either implemented well or not.
64
to become the president
1. candidates have to first earn their party's nomination through primary elections
2.
65
primary election
elections in which members of a party vote on which candidate they want to represent them in the general election
open primaries--any registered voter can vote in either party's primary, but not both. --no need to belong register to be the party to vote
closed primaries-only register with the party
caucases--vote publicly.
After winning the nomination--the nominee is introduced in the convention.
66
incumbency advantage
the incumbent has already won an election, so that know how it's done
The incumbent is a known quantity
The incumbent already has an army of volunteers and fundraisers ready to help with another campaign
67
election day
first tuesday of November
68
electoral college
same number of
69
congressional election
-Occur every two years
-members of the house of representative have two year terms
-senators have six year terms
-------1/3 are up for reelection every two years
70
midterm election
two years after the presidential election. --congressional election
71
incumbency advantage
The incumbent is the one who is already in office and is running for reelection
72
90% of incumbent congressional office win re-election
-name recognition
-track record
-established funding
-safe districts--jerry meandering the district
That's why it is very hard to unseat the incumbent
73
congressional candidates chosen by....
primary election--could be open or closed and caucuses
74
Modern Political CAMPAIGNS
75
political fundraising--why is it so expensive
-length of the election cycle
-increasing complexity of campaigns
76
campaign prefessionals
-campaign manger
-public relations expert
-dedicated funrasiers
-social media consultants
-canvassing
77
canvassing
call or visit voters in order to raise for the candidate
78
the most money is spend on
advertising--billboards, social media and television
79
campaign finance
Federal elections campaign Act (FECA)
-oversee and regulate the money being spent in political campaigns
-established how much money a person can give to the candidate
Established how much money candidates could spend on their campaign.
80
buckley versus valeo
1976 spending money is related to free speech
Restricting the money spent--restricting free speech
they restrcting how much money you can contribute to candidate--
but candidate can spend an unlimited amount of money on the campaign.
81
hard money
Money gives direction to the candidate.
82
soft money
money donated to a party or interest group that can buy advertising on the candidate's behalf.
not subject to campaign finance law
83
BCRA-bipartison campaign refrom act
increase the amount of hard money that can be donated to the candidate, and make transparent how much money is donated to the candidate.
"stand by your ad"--hoping to decrease the negative ad because candidate are using their name to endorse the advitisement.
84
citizens united versus FEC
contribuition from individual is limitted--limit free speech.
85
PAC--political action committee
organization raise money to influence popiulation to vote for their desirable candidates.
Connected PAC-- formed by corporations or other enbtites like labor unions
-pack that is connected to their organization.
money can donated directly to candidtioates in limited quantities
Can raise unlimited account osmoney prob=fnie the individual limits are obeyed
Non connected--formed indepnednetl an alldonation can be back from the conditions an duernt Ehlck
Super PAC
cound be formed by anymore
can accept unlimited donation/
86
citizens united v FEC
argued that the limitations put upon corportions to run political advertisements and communication were not materially different from government censorship of speech toward individual
87
BCRA
BCRA made it illegal for corporations or non-profits to engage in elcetineering coummucation of 60 days before an election or 30 days before a primary.
88
Linkage institution--media
the media is the watchdog agency that keeps the government agency accountable
89
The news media gives the public three major avenues of reporting
1. news events
2. investigative journalism/muckraker journalism
3. election coverage/[polotoca; commentary
Horse Race journalism----popular vote.
90
changing media
91
Media bias --
bias is hard to detect.
92
fairness doctrine
news outlet has to show two side of the story.
93
