AP Hug Language

Question 1

our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning

Answer 1

Language

Question 2

a relationship between languages or dialects in which speakers of different but related varieties can readily understand each other without intentional study or special effort.

Answer 2

Mutual intelligibility

Question 3

The process by which conventional forms of language are established and maintained.

Answer 3

standard language

Question 4

variants of a standard language along regional or ethnic lines

Answer 4

Dialects

Question 5

dialects nearest to each other will be most similar. As you go farther apart, dialects become less intelligible.

Answer 5

Dialects chains

Question 6

a line on a dialect map marking the boundary between linguistic features.

Answer 6

Isogloss

Question 7

A classification of a language and what its root language is

Answer 7

Language Families

Question 8

Are division within languages

Answer 8

Sub-Families

Question 9

words that have same linguistic derivation as another word.
example. romance languages

Answer 9

Cognates

Question 10

by tracking shifting consonants and cognate back to an older/common language.

Answer 10

Backwards reconstruction

Question 11

a linguistic hypothesis associated with nomadic people in the neolithic era.

Answer 11

Proto-Indo-European

Question 12

A proposed older language that preceded proto-indo European.

Answer 12

Proto-Eurasiatic

Question 13

suggested by the Linguist Augschleicher that new language form new spatial interaction among speakers breaks down and languages fragments into dialects and then new languages.

Answer 13

Language Divergence

Question 14

Instance in which all people who speak a language become extinct.

Answer 14

Language Extinction

Question 15

Language that developed from Latin, such as French, Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, Romansh, Romanian, or Italian

Answer 15

Romance Language

Question 16

Reflect Northern European movement, Scandinavia as well as Germanic people into British Isles. English, German, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, Dutch

Answer 16

Germanic Languages

Question 17

Dominated Eastern Europe with exception of Romanian. Example. Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Ukrainian, Slovenian, Serbo-croatian, and Bulgarian.

Answer 17

Slavic Languages

Question 18

Language that is a bridge that is spoken by people who speak different Languages.

Answer 18

Lingua Franca

Question 19

A lingua Franca that became one language or a mixture of two languages.

Answer 19

Pidgin Language

Question 20

when a Pidgin Language gains native speakers

Answer 20

Creole Language

Question 21

Countries where nearly everyone speaks the same language

Answer 21

Monolingual States

Question 22

countries with multiple languages.

Answer 22

Multilingual states

Question 23

A language that is given a legal statue or a supreme status in a particular country.

Answer 23

Official language

Question 24

The collapsing of two languages into one resulting from the consistent spatial interaction of people with different languages

Answer 24

Language Convergence

Question 25

early speakers of Proto- Indo-European spread westward on horseback, overpowering earlier inhabitants and beginning the diffusion and differentiation of Indo-European tongues.

Answer 25

Conquest theory

Question 26

The language used most commonly around the world; defined on the basis of either the number of speakers of the language, or prevalence of use in commerce and trade

Answer 26

Global language