ap hug unit 6

Question 1

megacities

Answer 1

urban areas with a population over 10 million

ex: tokyo

Question 2

metacities

Answer 2

urban areas with a population over 20 million

ex: delhi

Question 3

megalopolis

Answer 3

an area with several large cities connected together to form an even larger urban area with a population of over 10 million

ex: boston to washington dc

Question 4

metropolis

Answer 4

urban area with a population of over 1 million

ex: chicago

Question 5

city

Answer 5

100,000-1,000,000 people

more functional specialization central business district, larger hinterland, and suburbs

Question 6

town

Answer 6

10,000-100,000 people

higher level of specialization, banks, schools, hinterland

Question 7

village

Answer 7

500-2,500 people

specialization, sells goods

Question 8

hamlet

Answer 8

less than 500 people

has no urban function (store, gas station, services)

Question 9

rank-size rule

Answer 9

cities in a country are placed in order from largest to smallest

2nd largest city has 1/2 of the population of the largest populated city

3rd largest city has 1/3 of the population of the largest populated city

4th largest city has 1/4 of the population of the largest populated city

Question 10

primate city rule

Answer 10

largest city has more than twice the number of the second ranking city

these cities represent the culture of the country

ex: first largest city in france is paris (9 million) and second largest city is marseille (2 million)

Question 11

world city

Answer 11

also known as a global or alpha city

important node or connecting point in the global economic system

location of trade or finances both nationally and globally

ex: liverpool was the first prominent world city, crucial shipping port of the industrial revolution

Question 12

industrial revolution (2nd urban revolution)

Answer 12

manufacturing cities emerged based on factories, had terrible living, working, and health conditions

factories later moved outside of cities

road improvements led to increase of suburbanization

Question 13

boomburb

Answer 13

rapidly growing city in the US that remains suburban, even as it reaches populations of urban core cities

Question 14

exurbs

Answer 14

area outside the typically denser inner suburban area of a metropolitan area

Question 15

new urbanism

Answer 15

urban movement to create livable space in existing

focus on green energy transportation and spaces

Question 16

gentrification

Answer 16

creates new businesses in low income areas

eventually the prices become too high for people that originally lived there

Question 17

central place theory

Answer 17

christaller

how and where central places would be spatially distributed

central places have a surrounding complementary region to which it provides goods and services

Question 18

central place theory assumptions

Answer 18

flat surface with no barriers

soil is fertile everywhere

population and transportation are equal

Question 19

greenbelts

Answer 19

areas of undeveloped land around an urban area

Question 20

smart growth

Answer 20

legislation and regulations to limit suburban growth and preserve farmland

Question 21

concentric zone model

Answer 21

burgess

CBD

zone of transition

zone of independent worker’s homes

zone of better residences

commuter’s zone

model is dynamic and changing

as cities grew, zones invaded other zones

Question 22

sector model

Answer 22

hoyt

CBD

transportation and industry

low class residential

middle class residential

high class residential

low rent or high rent zones could begin in CBD and extend to the outer edge

focused more on residential patterns and level of income of families

Question 23

multiple nuclei model

Answer 23

harris and ullman

CBD : its dominance began to wane as the center of urban areas as other centers developed

interstates allowed for key growth outside of central city

led to creation of edge cities

Question 24

galactic city model

Answer 24

accounts for even more increased urban sprawl associated with highly prevalent automobiles (based on detroit, a motor city)

CBD has begun to decentralize due to the sprawl and growing edge cities

Question 25

identify the different urban design initiatives and practices

Answer 25

sustainable design initiatives and zoning practices include :

mixed land use, walkability, transportation-oriented development, and smart-growth policies like greenbelts and new urbanism

Question 26

explain the effects of different urban design initiatives and practices

Answer 26

praise for urban design initiatives includes :

the reduction of sprawl, improved walkability and transportation, improved livability and promotion of sustainable options

criticisms include :

increased housing costs and possible de facto segregation

Question 27

explain the effects of different urban design initiatives and practices

Answer 27

quantitative data from census and survey data :

shows info about changes in population composition and size in urban areas

qualitative data from field studies and narratives :

provides info about individual attitudes toward urban change

Question 28

explain causes and effects of geographic change within urban areas

Answer 28

urban renewal and gentrification have both positive and negative consequences

pros : improved infrastructure, economic growth

cons : erasing culture, increased cost of living

Question 29

explain how physical geography and resources impact the presence and growth of cities

Answer 29

the response to human needs and activities, and their locations are important in determining which cities will grow

ex: decision to where to locate the political capital may cause one town to grow into city with specialized businesses and employment opportunities, and another town to lose population

Question 30

explain how the attitudes, values, and balance of power of a population reflected in the built landscape

Answer 30

praise for urban design initiatives includes the reduction of sprawl, improved walkability and transportation, improved and diverse housing options, improved livability and promotion of sustainable options

if a community wants these things, the design of a city can completely change

Question 31

explain how urban areas are affected by unique economic, political, cultural, and environmental challenges

Answer 31

as urban populations move within a city, challenges result in issues related to redlining, blockbusting, and affordability

more challenges can be accessing certain services, especially medical ones, and rising crime rates

Question 32

redlining

Answer 32

preventing members of minority groups from obtaining money to purchase homes or property in predominantly white neighborhoods

Question 33

blockbusting

Answer 33

convincing white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that persons of color will move into the neighborhood