AP human unit 4

Question 1

administer

Answer 1

to manage the way borders are maintained and how goods and people cross them

Question 2

antecedent boundary

Answer 2

border established before an area becomes heavily settled

Question 3

autonomous

Answer 3

having the authority to govern territories independently of the national government; for example, by having a separate currency

Question 4

choke point

Answer 4

a narrow, strategic passageway to another place through which it is difficult to pass

Question 5

colonialism

Answer 5

the practice of claiming and dominating overseas territories

Question 6

concurrent

Answer 6

sharing authority

Question 7

consequent boundary

Answer 7

a type of subsequent boundary that takes into account the differences that exist within a cultural landscape, separating groups that have distinct languages, religions, ethnicities, or other traits

Question 8

define

Answer 8

to explicitly state in legally binding documentation such as a treaty where boundaries are located, using reference points such as natural features or lines of latitude and longitude

Question 9

delimit

Answer 9

to draw boundaries on a map, in accordance with a legal agreement

Question 10

demarcate

Answer 10

to place physical objects such as stones, pillars, walls, or fences to indicate where a boundary exists

Question 10

devolution

Answer 10

the process that occurs when the central power in a state is broken up among regional authorities within its borders

Question 11

economies of scale

Answer 11

cost reductions that occur when production rises

Question 12

electoral college

Answer 12

a set of people, called electors, who are chosen to elect the president and vice president of the United States

Question 13

ethnic cleansing

Answer 13

the process by which a state attacks an ethnic group and tries to eliminate it through expulsion, imprisonment, or killing

Question 14

ethnic separatism

Answer 14

the process by which people of a particular ethnicity in a multinational state identify more strongly as members of their ethnic group than as citizens of the state

Question 15

ethnonationalism

Answer 15

the process by which the people of a country identify as having one common ethnicity, religious belief, and language, creating a sense of pride and identity that is tied to the territory; also called ethnic nationalism

Question 16

exclusive economic zone (EEZ)

Answer 16

an area that extends 200 nautical miles from a state’s coast; a state has sole access to resources found within the waters or beneath the sea floor of its EEZ

Question 17

federal state

Answer 17

the organization of a state in which power is shared between the federal government and its internal regional units

Question 18

geometric boundary

Answer 18

a mathematically drawn boundary that typically follows lines of latitude and longitude or is a straight-line arc between two points

Question 19

gerrymandering

Answer 19

the drawing of legislative boundaries to give one political party an advantage in elections

Question 20

imperialism

Answer 20

the push to create an empire by exercising force or influence to control other nations or peoples

Question 21

irredentism

Answer 21

attempts by a state to acquire territories in neighboring states inhabited by people of the same nation

Question 22

majority-minority district

Answer 22

an electoral district in which the majority of voters are members of an ethnic or racial minority

Question 23

multinational state

Answer 23

a country with various ethnicities and cultures living inside its borders

Question 24

multistate nation

Answer 24

people who share a cultural or ethnic background but live in more than one country

Question 25

nation

Answer 25

a cultural entity made up of people who have forged a common identity through a shared language, religion, heritage, or ethnicity—often all four of these

Question 26

nation-state

Answer 26

a politically organized and recognized territory composed of a group of people who consider themselves to be a nation

Question 27

neocolonialism

Answer 27

the use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures to control or influence other countries, especially former dependencies

Question 28

political geography

Answer 28

the study of the ways in which the world is organized as a reflection of the power different groups hold over territory

Question 29

reapportionment

Answer 29

the redistribution of representative seats among states based on shifts in population

Question 30

redistricting

Answer 30

the redrawing of internal territorial and political boundaries

Question 31

relic

Answer 31

a former boundary that no longer has an official function

Question 32

self-determination

Answer 32

the right of all people to choose their own political status

Question 33

semiautonomous

Answer 33

describing a region that is given partial authority to govern its territories independently from the national government

Question 34

Shatterbelt

Answer 34

a region where states form, join, and break up because of ongoing, sometimes violent, conflicts among parties and because they are caught between the interests of more powerful outside states

Question 35

sovereignty

Answer 35

the right of a government to control and defend its territory and determine what happens within its borders

Question 36

state

Answer 36

a politically organized independent territory with a government, defined borders, and a permanent population; a country

Question 37

stateless nation

Answer 37

a people united by culture, language, history, and tradition but not possessing a state

Question 38

subsequent boundary

Answer 38

a border drawn in an area that has been settled and where cultural landscapes exist or are in the process of being established

Question 39

superimposed boundary

Answer 39

a border drawn over existing accepted borders by an outside or conquering force

Question 40

supranational organization

Answer 40

an alliance of three or more states that work together in pursuit of common goals or to address an issue or challenge

Question 41

territoriality

Answer 41

the attempt to influence or control people and events by delimiting and asserting control over a geographic area; the connection of people, their culture, and their economic systems to the land

Question 42

unitary state

Answer 42

an organization of a state in which power is concentrated in a central government

Question 43

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

Answer 43

the international agreement that established the structure of maritime boundaries