Ap human unit 5 test

Question 1

What is the goal of fair trade

Answer 1

To ensure fair wages and working conditions for farmers/workers in LDC
Focus on small scale sustainable farming
Tries to reduce exploitation by large corporations

Products tend to be more expensive

Question 2

Why do core countries find infrastructure in periphery countries?

Answer 2

To access raw materials more easily, to create markets for exports, political or humanitarian goals, sometimes tied to neocolonialism, debt for nature swap

Question 3

Examples of terracing

Answer 3

Rice paddies in Southeast Asia, Incan terraces in the Andes

Question 4

Benefits of terracing

Answer 4

Reduces erosion, manages water flow, uses previously unusable space in a conservative and efficient manner

Question 5

Impacts of global food insecurity

Answer 5

Malnutrition, starvation, political instability/conflict, migration (rural -> urban or international)

Question 6

Challenges women face in agriculture

Answer 6

Lack of land ownership rights, less access to credit and technology, gender based division of labor, underrepresented in leadership roles

Question 7

Benefits of empowering women in agriculture

Answer 7

Increases food production, reduces hunger, helps entire families and communities, encourages sustainability

Question 8

Mediterranean agriculture

Answer 8

Grown in coastal regions with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters

Question 9

Region

Answer 9

Southern Europe, California

Question 10

Crops

Answer 10

Grapes, olives, citrus, avocados, wine

Question 11

Fun fact

Answer 11

Often associated with horticulture (the art or practice of garden cultivation and management).

Question 12

Goal of Hybridization

Answer 12

Combine traits from two or more crops/animals to improve:
Yield
Disease resistance
Drought tolerance(common in green revolution)

Question 13

Others Mediterranean

Answer 13

Goats, sheep

Question 14

When Did the Government Begin Farm Subsidies?

Answer 14

1930s during the Great Depression (U.S. New Deal)

Question 15

Purpose of farm subsidies

Answer 15

stabilize prices, support farmers

Question 16

Why farm subsidies still exist

Answer 16

paid to grow (or not grow) crops

Question 17

Problem with Slash-and-Burn Agriculture

Answer 17

Used in shifting cultivation (tropics
Burning forest → nutrients into soil
Over time: soil depletes, forest loss
Not sustainable at large scale → deforestation, CO₂ emissions

Question 18

1Food Supply System Chart Inputs

Answer 18

seeds, fertilizer

Question 19

2Food Supply System Chart production

Answer 19

Farms

Question 20

3Food Supply System Chart processing

Answer 20

Factories (eg tyson)

Question 21

4 food Supply System Chart distribution

Answer 21

shipping, trucking

Question 22

5 Retail

Answer 22

grocery stores

Question 23

6 Consumption

Answer 23

Consumers

Question 24

Growth of Agribusiness in the 20th Century

Answer 24

Mechanization: tractors, combines
Chemical inputs: fertilizers, pesticides
GMOs: genetically modified crops
Vertical integration: companies control all stages from farm to table
Global food network

Question 25

Factors Contributing to 1st Agricultural Revolution

Answer 25

Domestication of plants/animals Sedentary living → permanent settlements Surplus food → population growth → civilization Started about 10,000 years ago

Question 26

Columbian Exchange From Old World → New World

Answer 26

Horses, cattle, sugar, wheat

Question 27

Columbian Exchange From new World → old World

Answer 27

Corn, potatoes, tomatoes, tobacco

Question 28

Columbian Exchange Impacts

Answer 28

Spread agriculture globally, altered diets, population growth, and ecosystems.

Question 29

Location of First Domesticated Plants and Animals

Answer 29

Fertile Crescent (SW Asia): wheat, barley, sheep, goats East Asia: rice, pigs Mesoamerica: maize (corn), beans Sub-Saharan Africa: yams, sorghum Andes: potatoes, llamas SE Asia: taro, chickens Fertile Crescent and Southeast Asia is the answer. Just know things domesticated from each

Question 30

Drawbacks of Monocropping

Answer 30

Soil depletion (no nutrient diversity Higher risk of pests/diseases (less biodiversity Dependency on fertilizers/pesticides Vulnerability to price changes

Question 31

Examples of Intensive

Answer 31

Substicence: peripheral countries, rice farming Commercial: core countries

Question 32

Extensive examples

Answer 32

Subsistence: gardening vegetables, ranching Commercial: Ranching

Question 33

How Does Topography Affect Agriculture 1

Answer 33

Topography = landform shape Flat land → easier to use machines → commercial farming Hills → require techniques like terracing Mountains → impact climate via elevation (see #3) Floodplains → fertile soil (e.g., Nile River

Question 34

Reasons for growth of agribusiness in 20th century

Answer 34

Efficiency, number 24

Question 35

Reasons for global food insecurity

Answer 35

Distribution issues Prices of transportation Capitalism Misuse of product resources Using crops to feed livestock instead of people Lack of money or resources Climate fluctuations Suburbanization

Question 36

How does topography affect agriculture 2

Answer 36

Distance from the equator = less growing season Higher the elevation = less growing season Slope = runoff, erosion risks and exposure to the sun