AP Psych Unit 1 (only ones u dont remember)

Question 1

All brain scanning devices

Answer 1

MRI:
CAT:
EKG:
EEG:
PET:
fMRI:

Question 2

Vestibular sense

Answer 2

Sense of balance, brain-muscle feedback loop react instantly when off balance

Question 3

Glutamate

Answer 3

Most abundant neurotransmitter, learning, memory, mood regulation

Question 4

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 4

Disease breakdown of protective covering of nerves

Question 5

Depolarization

Answer 5

When neurons fire due to resting potential, cell ‘-‘ charge depolarizes when ‘+’ ions rush into cell, overall Q from - to +

Question 6

Different types of nts

Answer 6

Dopamine: Pleasure
Serotonin: Mood, appetite, sleep, dreams
Norepinephrine (nonadrenaline): Arousal, alertness
Glutamate (excitatory): Learning, memory
GABA (inhibitory): Anxiety-related
Endorphins: Pain
Epinephrine (adrenaline): Hormone & nt, flight or fight
Acetylcholine (ACh): CNS & PNS, movement, learning, memory

Question 7

Agonists & Antagonists

Answer 7

Agonist: Enhance nt action
Antagonist: Inhibit nt action, binds but doesnt stimulate receptor, blocks nt from being released by terminal or binding w/ receptor site

Question 8

2 Types of Agonists

Answer 8

Direct: mimics nt, binds receptor of next neuron
Indirect: block reuptake of nt (floods synapse)
Indirect # > direct #

Question 9

Examples of Agonists

Answer 9

(Direct)
Heroin: for endorphins
Nictone: ACh
Black widow venom: ACh
(Indirect - Drugs)
Prozac: Block Reuptake of serotonin
Cocaine: Dopamine

Question 10

Examples of Antagonists

Answer 10

Botox: for ACh
Thorazine (schizophrenia drug): Dopamine

Question 11

Psychoactive Drugs

Answer 11

Alter mental states, more dopamine, more reward, more desire to take drug, they pass blood-brain barrier which allows only some chemicals to pass from blood to brain

Question 12

Psychoactive Drug Categories

Answer 12

Depressants (inhibit CNS): drowsiness, sleep, ex alcohol agonist for GABA
Opiates/Opioids: Endorphin agonist, addictive
Stimulants:activate sympathetic NS, more brain activity and awareness, ntagonist for adenosine ex: caffeine, cocaine
Hallucinogens/Psychedelics: Sensory perceptual distortions, alter mood, affect thinking, ex: marijuana

Question 13

Hindbrain: medulla

Answer 13

Autonomic: Heart rate, breathing, BP
Reflexes: swallowing, sneezing, vomiting

Question 14

Hindbrain: Pons

Answer 14

Connects brainstem & cerebellum. Coordinate mvmts on each side of body & sleep

Question 15

Hindbrain: RAS (Reticular activating system)

Answer 15

Nerve network; attention, arousal, alertness

Question 16

Hindbrain: Cerebellum

Answer 16

Balances, equilibrium, coordinate mvmt, implicit memory (doing smthg without recalling how to do so)

Question 17

Midbrain: Thalamus

Answer 17

sensory switchboard, smell is exception