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AP Psych > AP Psych Unit 5 > Flashcards

AP Psych Unit 5 Flashcards

(94 cards)

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1
Q

Memory

A

the persistence of learning over time

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2
Q

What is the Atkinson - Shiffrin 3 stage model

A

Sensory, short term, and long term memory

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3
Q

Sensory memory

A

recording images of scenes or echos of sounds

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4
Q

Short term memory

A

What we briefly retain - active processing

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5
Q

Long term memory

A

the storage and recall of information over a long period of time

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6
Q

Encoding

A

Info gets into our brain

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7
Q

Central Executive

A

controlled processing in working memory

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8
Q

Rehearsal

A

Recalling the info in a form similar to what was encoded

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9
Q

Explicit memory

A

info we consciously have to work to remember

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10
Q

Implicit memory

A

info we remember cousinly and effortlessly

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11
Q

Echoic memory

A

auditory memories occur even without paying attention

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12
Q

Iconic memory

A

visual memories

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13
Q

Short term memory capacity

A

7 bits of info at one time

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14
Q

working memory capacity

A

3-4 items on info at a time

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15
Q

shallow processing

A

Encoding on a basic level, based on structure or appearance of words

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16
Q

deep processing

A

encoding based off of meaning of words

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17
Q

Chunking

A

grouping

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18
Q

Mnemonics

A

We use techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices

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19
Q

Peg word system

A

remember lists where each item is associated in imagination with a number–word pair

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20
Q

Hierarchies

A

Branching set categories and subcategories

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21
Q

Distributed practice

A

we practice overtime to better retain info

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22
Q

keyword method

A

a person uses what a word sounds like to help them visualize what the word is to tell them later on

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23
Q

spacing effect

A

Studying distributed overtime

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24
Q

testing effect

A

taking tests during the learn phase to facilitate retrieval from long term memory

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25
Long term memory capacity
unlimited
26
role of the frontal lobes
memory retrieval and form long term memories
27
role of the hippocampus
saves explicit memories - when damaged disrupts the formation and recall of the memories
28
semantic memories
general knowledge
29
episodic memories
personal experienced events
30
infantile amnesia
can't remember events prior to age 2-3
31
Role of the cerebellum
forms and stories conditioned responses and memories
32
Role of the basal ganglia
controls memories that we don't remember forming
33
Where do the emotions trigger stress hormones that trigger activity
Amygdala
34
Flashbulb memories
memories that are affected by our emotional state
35
The changes of the synaptic levels
When memories form, neurons release neurotransmitters across synapses to other neurons
36
Long term potentiation
Increases activity in neural pathways leading to neural connections strengthening
37
Recall retention
Retrieving previously learned into without cues to help
38
Recognition retention
identify which stimuli match your storied info
39
relearning
it takes less work to learn info you have studied before
40
Priming
some cues trigger a thread of associations that bring us to a memory of a concept
41
context-dependent memory
retrieving a memory more easily when in the same context as when we formed the memory
42
Encoding specificity principle
memories are linked to the context in which they are created
43
State-dependent memory
memories can be tied to the emotional or physiological state we were in when the memory was formed
44
Mood congruent memory
we recall details that are consistent with one's current mood
45
Positivity bias
Events that are processed more efficiently than events that aren't that pleasant
46
Serial position effect
when learning info on a list, we recall the first and last items
47
Recency Effect
Remembering last items on a list
48
Primacy effect
Remembering first items on a list
49
Anterograde Amnesia
can't form new longterm memories
50
Retrograde failure
we know something but can't access it in our memory
51
Encoding failure
we do not notice most of the stimuli we are exposed too
52
Storage decay
memories encoded into long term memory will go away if remembered not used
53
retrieval failure
if we don't have enough cues to help us remember a memory
54
tip of the tongue
one cannot quite recall a familiar word but can recall words of similar form and meaning
55
proactive interference
past is interfering with new memory
56
retroactive interference
new learning interferes with retrieval of previous memories
57
motivated forgetting
Sigmund Freud - choosing to forget memories
58
repression
the exclusion of distressing memories, thoughts, or feelings from the conscious mind
59
misinformation effect
misleading info in one's memory of an event
60
discrepancy detection principle
if false info and the original info an event are not detected - info will change
61
Imagination effect
picturing an event
62
source amnesia
forgetting where the story came from and adding your own memories to it
63
deja vu
sense of familiarity kicks in too soon and our brain adds in prior knowledge
64
collective false memories
similar false memories are shared by many people
65
concepts
mental groups of events, objects people etc
66
prototypes
mental image of the best example of what we just learned/saw
67
trial and error
various possible solutions and fails
68
algorithm
step by step strategy for solving problems to find a solution
69
heuristics
short cut strategy that generates a solution fast
70
convergent thinking
the solution to a problem can be deduced by applying established rules and logical reasoning
71
divergent thinking
unstructured, free-form way of problem-solving
72
insight
sudden realization that leads to solution
73
confirmation bias
major obstacle in problem solving
74
fixation/mental set
tendency to get stuck in one way of thinking
75
intuition
effortless thinking - gut decisions
76
representative heuristic
based judgments on stereotypes
77
avalibility heuristic
we base our judgements on the amount of info in our memories
78
overconfidence
we overestimate the accuracy of our knowledge
79
belief perseverance
info clinging to our brains
80
framing
same issue presented in two different but logically equivalent ways to get diff answers
81
phonemes
smallest units of sound
82
morphemes
unit of meaning
83
grammar
rules for using words etc
84
semantics
the study of meaning in language
85
syntax
the way words are organized into sentences
86
receptive langauge
0-4 months - associating sound with facial movements
87
productive language
4 months - productive language
88
babbling stage
10 months - baby says incomplete words
89
one word stage
12 months - beginning of basic nouns
90
two word stage
form of words
91
telegraphic speech
children begin stringing more than two words together
92
statistical learning
infants quickly recognize patterns in words
93
universal grammar
human languages, as superficially diverse as they are
94
critical period
the development of vision and hearing

AP Psych (5 decks)

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