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ap psych > ap psych unit 5 part 1 > Flashcards

ap psych unit 5 part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

recall

A

retrieving information known at a earlier time

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2
Q

recognition

A

identifying items previously learning (multiple choice)

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3
Q

relearning

A

learning quickly when learned a second time

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4
Q

shallow processing

A

encoding based on the structure or appearance of words

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4
Q

deep processing

A

encoding based on the meaning of the words

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5
Q

semantic

A

facts and general knowledge

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6
Q

episodic

A

experienced events

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7
Q

hippocampus

A

a subcortical structure that participates in memory

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8
Q

memory consolidation

A

the neural storage of a long-term memory

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9
Q

flashbulb memory

A

a clear, sustained memory of an emotionally significant moment or event

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10
Q

priming

A

the activation of particular associations in memory

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10
Q

long term potentiation

A

an increase in cells firing potential after brief, rapid, stimulation

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11
Q

Benjamin Lee Whorf

A

Famous for describing concept of “liguistic determinism”

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12
Q

Noam Chomsky

A

theorist who believed that humans have an inborn or “native” propensity to develop language

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13
Q

Elizabeth Loftus

A

researched misinformation effect in eyewitness testimonies

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14
Q

linguistic influence

A

the idea that language affects thought

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14
Q

linguistic determination

A

language determines the way we think

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15
Q

wernicke’s area

A

control language comprehension

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16
Q

morpheme

A

the smallest unit that carries meaning (prefixes)

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16
Q

semantics

A

selecting correct word for intended meaning

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17
Q

phoneme

A

smallest distinctive sound unit (that= th, a, t

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18
Q

belief perseverance

A

ignoring evidence thst proves our beleifs are wrong

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18
Q

framing

A

how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments (gun safety vs gun control)

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19
Q

overconfidence

A

the tendency to be more confident than correct

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20
Q

availability heuristic

A

estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; presume events are common

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21
Q

representativeness heuristic

A

estimating the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information

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22
Q

mental set

A

a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past

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23
Q

fixation

A

the inability to see a problem from a new perspective

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24
Q

CONFIMATION BIAS

A

a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence

25
Q

INSIGHT

A

a sudden realization of a problem’s solution

26
Q

heuristics

A

simple thinking strategy that allows us to solve problems more efficiently (mental shortcut)

27
Q

algorithm

A

a step-by-step procedure that guarantees solving a problem

28
Q

divergent thinking

A

expands the number of possible problem solutions, considering many options

29
Q

convergent thinking

A

narrowing solutions to a single best solution

30
Q

cognition

A

all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

30
Q

deja vu

A

that eerie sense that “I’ve experienced this before.” Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience.

31
Q

source amnesia

A

faulty memory for how, when, or where information was learned or imagined

32
Q

misinformation effect

A

incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event

33
Q

reconsolidation

A

a process in which previously stored memories, when retrieved, are potentially altered before being stored again

34
Q

repression

A

keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious

35
Q

retroactive interference

A

the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information

36
Q

proactive interference

A

the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information

37
Q

effortful processing

A

encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

38
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

an inability to retrieve information from one’s past

39
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

an inability to form new memories

40
Q

serial position effect

A

our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list

41
Q

mood congruent memory

A

the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current good or bad mood

42
Q
A
42
Q

babbling stage

A

4 months; make noises that are unrelated

43
Q

one word stage

A

1-2 years; speaks single words

44
Q

two word stage

A

18 months; learn new word per day

45
Q

aphasia

A

inability to speak

46
Q

telegraphic speech

A

child speaks like a telegram using mostly nouns and verbs (go car)

47
Q

chunking

A

organizing items into familiar, manageable units

48
Q

broca’s area

A

Controls language expression

49
Q

echoic memory

A

a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli

50
Q

iconic memory

A

a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli

51
Q

implicit memory (nondeclarative)

A

learned skills or associations in long term memory (unconcious)

52
Q

explicit memory (declarative)

A

facts/experiences from long term memory (requires effort and attention)

53
Q

working memory

A

active maintenance of information in short-term storage

54
Q

automatic processing

A

unconscious encoding of incidental information

55
Q

long term memory

A

the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system

55
Q

short term memory

A

activated memory that holds a few items briefly before stored or forgotten

56
Q

sensory memory

A

the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

57
Q

retrieval

A

the process of getting information out of memory storage (pull out)

58
Q

Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin

A

proposed the classic three-stage processing model of memory

sensory memory, long term memory, short term memory

59
Q

parallel processing

A

the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously

60
Q

storage

A

the process of retaining encoded information over time (organize)

61
Q

encoding

A

the processing of new information into the memory system (put in)

62
Q

Ebbinghaus

A

nonsense syllables

ap psych (5 decks)

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