AP Review Flashcards
1
Q
The Great Compromise set up this type of legislature
A
Bicameral Legislature (Congress is two houses)
2
Q
How old do you have to be to be/have residence in your district to be in the House of Representatives?
A
25 years old, must be a U.S. citizen who’s lived in your district for 7 years
3
Q
A main criticism of the Articles of Confederation was that the government could not ___
A
Tax
4
Q
Madison argued that political liberty is best protected by the fragmentation of political power in this
A
A large republic
5
Q
If you eliminated the effects of income and education, this race votes the most…
A
Black Americans
6
Q
Buckley v. Valeo puts limits on this
A
campaign contributions
7
Q
Which party tends to have the more loyal voters?
A
Republicans
8
Q
Since the 1970s PACs representing these people have grown the most
A
Business Professionals
9
Q
Majoritarian Politics
A
Policies used when making policy because it’s what the citizens want
10
Q
“Shotgun Approach”
A
the interest group tries to mobilize large numbers of constituents to write, call or email their legislators or the president
11
Q
Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of ‘02
A
This act amended 1971’s FECA. Bans the large, unlimited contributions to national political parties, aka soft money. Puts curbs on political ads by outside special-interest groups advocating the election or defeat of a specific candidate
12
Q
The Presidential aide who tries to control the press and meets with reporters on a daily basis
A
Press secretary
13
Q
When the media covers the standings of the presidential race rather than the actual issues
A
Horse Race Journalism
14
Q
His followers made up the Federalist Party
A
Alexander Hamilton
15
Q
The SC ruled in this case that limiting a candidate’s use of personal funds for a campaign is unconstitutional
A
Buckley v. Valeo
16
Q
Franking Privilege
A
Privilege that allows Congress members to send mail dealing with their office for free
17
Q
Who ratifies treaties signed by the President?
A
The Senate
18
Q
Filibusters can only happen in this chamber of Congress
A
The Senate
19
Q
What does a conference committee do?
A
Resolves differences in HR and Senate bills
20
Q
Diversity in public policy is largely a consequence of this form of government
A
Federalism
21
Q
The govt’s power to tax and spend is covered under this type of policy
A
Fiscal Policy
22
Q
Keynesianism
A
A school of economic thought that supports the use of government spending and taxes to stabilize the economy. Unemployment = people spend less, businesses failed, so govt should step in and undertake spending to get economy back to a normal state
23
Q
Federal Reserve System (the Fed)
A
Most important regulatory agency in U.S. monetary system. Serves as central banking organization of the nation. They control and regulate monetary policy. Regulates the amount of money in circulation.
24
Q
What institution funds individual entitlement programs as long as recipients meet required criteria?
A
Congress
25
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Slaves are property, not people so they can't sue. Overturned by 14th amendment
26
Discrimination in public places made illegal in 1964 by this act
Civil Rights Act
27
What finally got rid of Jim Crow laws?
Civil Rights Act of 1964
28
Provisions in Bill of Rights that guarantee against arbitrary influence by the government
Civil Liberties
29
Theory that one or two control what laws get passed and hinder the legal process
Hyper-Pluralism
30
Under this, the U.S. had a unicameral legislature and no national military
Articles of Confederation
31
What overturned Dred Scott decision
14th amendment
32
Types of issues that are universally agreed upon like low taxes and low crime rates
Valence Issue
33
Type of vote cast by choosing the least objectionable candidates running
Clothespin vote
34
Critical election (Realigning election)
Type of election where there is a significant shift in electoral power from one party to another
35
Citizens United v. FEC
Allows Super PACs to make campaign ads supporting a candidate. Corporate funding of independent political broadcasts in candidates elections cannot be limited.
36
Plessy v. Ferguson
"Separate but Equal" (Jim Crow) laws are legal. The court found that having equal but separate accommodations for both whites and blacks does not violate the equal protection clause stated in the fourteenth amendment
37
Interest Groups hire people from this type of organization to research information for their lobbyists
Think Tanks
38
The tendency of states to choose an early primary date to force candidates to campaign early
Front Loading
39
When news outlets publish stories about potential scandals, they are acting in this role
Watchdog
40
Single Member District
Type of district where one candidate will win even if they didn't get a majority of the votes.
41
Tillman Act
Forbade banks and corporations from contributing to campaigns
42
When a President tries intimidating people during a speech he's using this
Bully Pulpit
43
Name 3 ways of getting around the House Rules Committee
2/3 vote to suspend Rules, Discharge Petition, Calendar Wednesday
44
Discharge Petition
A procedure by which a bill in the House of Representatives may be forced (discharged) out of a committee that has defused to report it for consideration by the House. This petition must be signed by an absolute majority (218) of representatives and is used only on rare occasions.
45
Calendar Wednesday
lets committees call up bills of their choice on Wednesday; routinely set aside each week
46
Discretionary Authority
When a public official is able to choose the course of action because no prior law exists
47
How the SC decides cases with political questions
They don't. It's up to the executive branch and legislative branch to solve the problem
48
Committee made up of the the uniformed heads of the military branches plus a chairman who advises the President
Joint Chiefs of Staff
49
Type of federalism in which the local, state, and federal levels work together to complete a project that is largely
funded by the federal gov't
Fiscal Federalism (Cooperative Federalism)
50
Reaganomics
Economic policy that stimulated the economy combining supply-side and trickle down economics (and then it left a huge deficit)
51
Lawrence v. Texas gave civil rights to...
Homosexuals
52
Gibbons v. Odgen used this clause to grant Congress more power
Commerce Clause
53
Because of the passage of this act, voter registration for Blacks more than doubled from 1960-1982
Voter Rights Act of 1965
54
What was discussed in Engel v. Vitale
the "wall of separation" between church and state
55
Case that ruled you can't discriminate against customers if your business is open to the public
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States
56
In Federalist No. 10, Madison argued that these were natural yet controllable by institutions in a large republic
Factions
57
The 5th amendment allows the government to take your property as long as they provide proper compensation.
What is this called?
Eminent Domain
58
Referendum
When voters vote directly on an issue
59
Type of organization that can raise and spend unlimited amounts of money as long as they don't
endorse a particular candidate
527 Organization
60
Constant coverage by the press to capture a scandal or embarrassing moment
Feeding Frenzy
61
When a story is leaked beforehand to see how the public feels before pursuing the story more
Trial Balloon
62
They decide how many justices are on the Supreme Court
Congress
63
The idea that a freshman member of Congress will get more votes when up for reelection
Sophomore Surge
64
Though many state governors have this power, the Supreme Court said it's a violation of the separation of powers clause to give the power to the President
Line Item Veto
65
How long can the President deploy troops without Congressional approval?
60 days
66
Examples of Entitlement Programs
Social Security, Food Stamps, Medicare
67
6th amendment
right to an attorney
68
Exclusionary Rule
Evidence obtained illegally cannot be used in court
69
Case said that it was cruel and unusual to execute juvenile offenders
Roper v. Simmons
70
5th amendment
no self incrimination
71
Supreme Court's view on Affirmative Action
The SC has recognized quotas as unfair, but has not deemed them illegal because they the accomplish their overall goal of diversity
72
According to this test, speech can be limited if it causes physical harm
Clear and Present Danger Test
73
How often are congressional district boundaries redrawn by state legislators?
10 years (due to the census)
74
Theory that all interests are & should be free to compete
for influence in gov't, resulting in healthy democratic compromise and balance
Pluralism
75
Explain the two steps needed to amend the constitution
1) Proposal by 2/3 of the Congress or State Legislatures
| 2) Ratification by 3/4 of the states
76
Enumerated Powers
Powers of the federal government that are specifically addressed in the Constitution
77
Name some Enumerated Powers given to Congress
coining money, taxing, declaring war, regulating interstate commerce
78
Type of law, now forbidden by Congress, that states that an individual can be punished without a trial
Bill of Attainer
79
The primary function of these groups is to raise money for the candidate they support.
Political Action Committees (PACs)
80
PACs are most likely to contribute to these people during campaigns.
Incumbent Candidates
81
Soft Money
Campaign contributions unregulated by federal or state law, usually given to parties and party committees to help fund general party activities
82
Hard Money
This refers to political contributions and campaign spending that is recorded under the regulations set forth in law and by the Federal Election Commission
83
The Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA)
Created the FEC: 6 nonpartisan administrators who enforce the act
Provided public financing for presidential primaries and general elections
Limited presidential campaign spending
Limited contributions
Required disclosure: Each candidate must file periodic reports w/ FEC of who contributed, how much was spent and what the $ was spent on
84
The governments power to censor a publication before it is released to the public, in order to prevent harm to the public or expose information vital to national security
Prior Restraint
85
Which department has the authority to print currency
Dept. of Treasury
86
Stare Decisis
To stand on decided cases; the judicial policy of following precedents established by past decisions
87
Spin Doctor
A political campaign adviser who tries to convince journalists of the truth of a particular interpretation of events
88
Spoils System
The awarding of government jobs to political supporters and friends
89
Supremacy Clause
The constitutional provision that makes the Constitution and federal laws superior to all conflicting state and local laws.
90
Tipping
A phenomenon that occurs when a group that is becoming more numerous over time grows large enough to change the political balance in a district
91
Cases involving two or more states have this kind of jurisdiction from the SC
Original jurisdiction
92
When an executive decision lies before Congress for a specified period of time before going into effect. (Now unconstitutional)
Legislative Veto
93
Block Grants
Federal programs that provide funds to state and local governments for general functional areas, such as criminal justice or mental health programs
94
Categorical Grants
Federal grants to states or local governments that are for specific programs or projects
95
Similar to pork barreling where a large group pays for something but only a small group benefits
Client Politics
96
Free Rider Problem
The difficulty interest groups face in recruiting members when the benefits they achieve can be gained without joining the group.
97
What did Engel v. Vitale ban?
Prayer in schools
98
USA Patriot Act
2001 national security act that has been criticized for violation of privacy
99
When the Supreme Court uses the incorporation doctrine they are applying which amendment?
14th amendment
100
This search is legal under the Patriot Act, though many people have criticized it
"Sneak and Peak" searches (no warrant required)
101
What does the constitution say about politic parties
Nada
102
The free-exercise clause protects
citizens' religious freedoms from being interfered with by the government
103
Due Process Clause
in 5 and 14 amend; guarantees individuals various rights such as economic liberty, criminal procedural rights, protection from gov action, etc; ensures equality
104
Incorporation Doctrine
States that protection of the 14th amendment's Due Process Clause must apply to state and local governments also
105
Establishment Clause
Part of the first amendment that separates church and state.
106
anti-federalist 84
argued for the addition of a BoR because the national gov couldn't be trusted to ensure civil liberties without explicit written protections
107
9th amendment
guarantees rights not listed in the Bill of Rights
108
10th amendment
powers not explicitly given to the Federal gov are alloted to the states
109
The framers of the US Constitution left decisions on voting eligibility to the
individual states
110
The primary role of the Attorney General
Serving as the chief executive officer of the Department of Justice
111
How is a president chosen when none of the candidates receives a majority of the electoral vote?
The House chooses a new president by a majority vote of its state delegations
112
The Americans with Disabilities Act, which provides protections for the disabled, is an example of
A federal mandate
113
Difference between open and closed primary
Only voters who register as members of a political party may vote in that party's closed primary, while independents and others may be eligible to vote in open primaries
114
Inherent Power
A power of the president derived from the statements in the Constitution, "the executive power shall be vested in a President" and that the President should "take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed"; defined through practice rather than law
115
When independent regulatory agencies make rules enforce those rules, and adjudicate disputes arising under those rules, they risk violating the constiutional concept of
separation of powers
116
Cloture
Motions used by Senators, enacted with a 3/5 vote of the Senate, that end a filibuster and bring a bill to a vote
117
Giving state government greater discretion in deciding how to achieve the specific goals of welfare reform is an example of
devolution
118
Since the early 1980s, the Republican Party platform has been increasingly influenced by
evangelical Christians
119
The role Congress plays in ensuring that executive branch agencies are carrying out their legislated responsibilities is known as
legislative oversight
120
The Constitution states that all revenue bills must originate in
the Hosue
121
Nominations to the Supreme Court must be approved by
simple majority vote in the Senate only
122
Most important figure in Congress
Speaker of the House
123
amicus curiae briefs
used by interest groups to lobby courts
124
Commerce Clause
The clause of the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3) that gives Congress the power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines or affect more than one state or other nations.
125
the 14th amendment was designed to overturn the...
Dred Scott decision
126
Lobbyists try to influence legislators mainly through
providing legislators with information on technical issues
127
The largest portion of "uncontrollable spending" in the federal budget is designated for what programs
Entitlement
128
Difference between debate in the House and Senate
there is unlimited debate in the Senate but not in the House
129
Senate confirmation is required for which presidential appointments?
Secretary of State, White House chief of staff, Attorney General
130
To which of the following congressional committees would a proposal to reform the national income-tax system initially be sent
House Ways and Means committee
131
Since the 1970's, Presidents have made use of executive orders at an increasing rate because executive orders..
do not need to be passed by Congress
132
The framers of the Constitution addressed the issue of slavery. Describe the compromise they made regarding the House.
3/5 of all slaves would be counted for purposes of the representation in the House of Representatives
133
Describe the background of most of the framers of the Constitution
They were wealthy, well educated, and experienced politicians
134
What was the result of the Great Compromise?
The Senate represents state interests, while the House of Representatives mirror the population proportionally
135
Political Culture
The collection of beliefs and attitudes toward government and the political process
136
What is the impact of Third parties on the American Political system?
Minor parties develop ideas that the major parties later come to adopt
137
How do interest groups differ from PACs?
PACs are committees, often set up by interest groups, to raise and spend money on campaigns and causes
138
Climate Control
The use of public relations techniques to create favorable public opinion toward an interest group, industry or corporation
139
Grassroots Lobbying
influencing government decision makers though indirect pressure (usually in the form of letters, emails, phone calls) from large numbers of constituents. This is also called indirect lobbying.
140
Faction
A group or bloc in a legislature or political party acting in pursuit of some special interest or position
141
How has market-driven journalism changed news coverage?
It hooks viewers with alarming stories and reduces coverage of government, policy, and public affairs
142
Sometimes reporters are highly critical of the government, featuring stories about perceived misconduct. This is an example of
"Watchdog" or Investigative journalism
143
How does regulation of radio and television broadcasts differ from the treatment of newspapers and magazines?
The FCC regulates broadcasters but not newspapers
144
How do the rules governing conduct of the House of Representatives compare with the rule governing conduct of the Senate
There are fewer rules governing the conduct of the Senate because it relies on unanimous consent agreements
145
What is different about incumbent reelection in the House and the Senate?
A greater percentage of incumbents in the House is reelected than in the Senate
146
What happens to most bills?
They rarely pass in their original form, because they are killed or modified by committees
147
Who are the leaders of the Senate and the House?
Senate: majority leader
House: Speaker of the House
148
When does the VP preside over the Senate?
if there's a tie
149
What best describes the Presidents role in policy-making?
Involves bargaining and struggle between President and Congress
150
Is the Cabinet part of the Executive Office of the President?
No
151
What is the process for impeachment and removal of the president?
The House must impeach a president by a majority vote and then the president is tried in the Senate, which must vote to convict by a 2/3 vote
152
How are members of the federal bureaucracy selected?
They are appointed after they have passed a written exam or have met certain selection criteria
153
How can Congress supervise the bureaucracy?
No agency may exist without congressional approval
No money can be spent without authorization by Congress
Congressional committees may hold oversight hearings
154
Judicial Review
The power of the Supreme Court or any other court to hold a law or other legal actions as unconstitutional
155
Judicial Activism
A doctrine holding that the Supreme Courts should take an active role in checking the activities of government bodies when those bodies exceed their authority
156
Judicial Restraint
A doctrine holding that the SC should defer to the decisions made by the elected representatives of the people in executive and legislative branches
157
Senatorial Courtesy
In Federal district court judgeship nominations, a tradition allowing a senator to veto a judicial appointment where the nominee is from his or her state
158
Prior Restraint
Restraining an action before the activity has actually occurred. For example, stopping the publication of an event. When expression is involved this means censorship.
159
What was the Court's decision in Bakke v. University of California?
Schools can take race into account in making admissions, but the use of quotas will be viewed with strict scrutiny
160
Result of Roe v. Wade
Abortion is legal during the first six months of pregnancy, and may be regulated, but not unduly restricted.
161
What is required by the No Child Left Behind Act?
- A state testing of students
- A yearly measure of adequate progress
- Allowing students in underperforming schools to transfer
162
How does regulation differ from legislation?
Congress passes legislation, and regulations are rules set forth by administrative agencies
163
What is the difference between monetary policy and fiscal policy?
Fiscal policy involves the budget and monetary policy involves interest rates and the money supply
164
What is the difference between a needs-based social welfare programs and entitlement programs?
Entitlement programs, like Social Security, are available regardless of income
165
Acquisitive Model
A model of bureaucracy that viewstop-level bureaucrats as seeking to expand the size of their budgets and staffs to gain great power
166
Fed Papers #78
Weakest branch - no control on sword or purse
Interpretation of laws keeps legislature in check - Constitution comes before decisions made by Congress
Independence from influence - life terms, etc.
167
Elitism
Believe it is necessary for the country to be run by a small chosen minority
168
Marxist Theory
Economic forces hold the power
169
Republic Initiative
Individuals can make petitions
170
Anti-Federalist Concerns
- national government has too much power, esp. power to tax
- no bill of rights: individuals must be protected
- like the set up of the confederacy ( the articles just need to be modified, we don't need a new government)
171
Madison and Hamiltons' philosophies
Madison had a "states rights" philosophy
Hamilton preferred strong nat'l gov.
172
The fed. Papers #39 & 46
National government = focus on individuals
Federal government = powers shared by the states or reflected in the states' interests
U.S. Gov't is both national and fed.
173
True or false: most of the founders were anti-party and anti-faction
TRUE
174
Bureaucratic System
Appointed officials
175
Majoritarian Politics and their problem
Elected officials must adhere to what the majority wants
-concerns issues of the people: war, education, taxes, economy, health care
Problem: most Americans are either not interested in politics nor well informed
176
Direct Democracy
A system of democracy in which political decisions are made by the people directly, rather than by their elected representatives
177
Fed papers #51
What the government has to do ("if men were Angels..." - preserved liberty, but don't take away too many rights
Government must be able to control the governed as well as itself - checks and balances
178
Republic Recall
Elected official does not no their job and voters petitions gov't and ask for recall election.
179
Communism made up of which two ideas
Socialism and Marxism
180
Realignment
Major change in the party
| Substantial group of voters switch party allegiance
181
Political Machines
Corrupt organization that traded votes for favors and often put unqualified people in office
182
Examples of factions
Tea Party Republicans, freedom Caucus
183
5 functions of political parties
1) recruit candidates for public office
2) organize and run elections (attract/educate voters)
3) present alternative policies to the electorate, reduce conflict within party
4) accept responsibility for operating the government - appointments based on party lines; develop links b/w elected officials to gain support for policies
5) act as the organized opposition to the party in power - criticize the policies and behavior of the other party by articulating own policies forcing debates on the issues
184
The era of the democrats
1800-1860
| Dominate all but two presidential elections
185
The era of the republicans
1860-1932
| Republicans dominate all but four presidential elections
186
Types of One-Party Systems
One party system - where only one party is allowed
Modified One Party -
Systems where one party regularly wins most elections
187
Multi Party System Advantages and Disadvantages
Adv: more responsive to will of the people, give voters more choices
Disadv: Causes parties to form coalitions, which dissolve easily and cause instability in government. There is no clear majority just plurality.
188
Minor parties formed due to issues of concern to certain individuals
Idealogical Parties
189
Dealignment
Party loses loyal voters as more become independent
- can't lock in political preferences - lots of split ticket voting
190
Right wing reactionary
Refuses to accept the present and think back to the past when these were better. Try's to solve today's problems
191
Right wing fascism
One or more group runs govt
- govt should be small and not interfere with people's rights
192
Cleavages of public opinion
Separation between groups of people:
| Social class, race/ethnicity/region
193
National name given to the type of secret ballot used in all American elections
Australian ballot
194
The main reason voter turnout in the us is low
People aren't registered
195
The three main reasons why interest groups are common today
1) more cleavage
2) gov't set up
3) weak political parties
196
A small exclusive interest group that uses radical tactics
Pressure Group
197
Type of incentive used by a local interest group since people join them for pleasure and companionship
Solidarity Incentive
198
An incentive such as getting travel discounts, calendar, etc
Material Incentive
199
Type of incentive usually used by an institutional interest group: people join and are active for the cause
Purposive Incentive
200
The role of the media when it chooses which issues to publicize
Gatekeeper
201
Type of press created in 1848 to offer unbiased nonpartisan news
Popular Press
202
The news outlet today that is most like the yellow journalism of the 19th and early 20th centuries
Tabloid Press
203
Yellow Journalism
A term for sensationalistic, irresponsible journalism
204
Rule that says if a station sells time to one candidate it must be willing to sell the same amount of time to another candidate at the same price
Equal Time Rule
205
According to political scientists, these people often have a negative influence on the legislative process due to the tactics they use
Lobbyists
206
Type of story that's available to all reporters - they just have to do a little investigating
Feature Story
207
A group of policy experts who appeal to different people and Lobby the government on specific policy goals
Interest Group
208
22nd amendment
Limits the President to two terms
209
Veto that occurs when congress is not in session
Pocket Veto
210
The part of a party whose members have the same views and vote the same way
Ideological Wing
211
"Rule" that says power is wielded by those who are in the room when the decision in made
Propinquity
212
4 requirements to be presidency
270 electoral votes, must be at least 35 years old, born in the U.S., 14 years of consecutive residency
213
23rd amendment
DC gets 3 electoral votes
214
25th amendment
Emergency presidential succession due to disability
215
Total Electoral Votes
538
216
Who began presidential involvement in economy with the New Deal
FDR
217
Agency that advises pres. on how to propose budget, deal with finances, etc
OMB
218
How long the President has to use a "regular veto"
10 days
219
How can Congress override a "Regular" veto
2/3 vote of both houses
220
Name 3 limits on Presidents military powers
- cannot use military to solve labor/management disputes (strikes)
- Congress declares war
- Congress appropriates money for military spending
221
What did the War Powers Act (1973) do?
- President has to report to Congress 48 hours after deploying troops
- American combat must end after 60 days unless Congress gives further approval
- If Congress denies the deployment, the President has 30 days to withdraw troops
- Congress can end the use of combat forces at any time by passing a concurrent resolution
222
12th amendment
Required President and VP on same ticket
223
Where does the VP cast a tie breaking vote?
In the Senate
224
20th amendment
VP takes over if President dies in office
225
Who informs Congress that the Pres. is temporarily unfit to fulfill responsibilities
VP and 3/4 of cabinet
226
Rule of Propinquity works best in ____
Pyramid Structure
227
Two states that don't have winner take all
Nebraska and Maine
228
How long can "Acting" heads remain during recess appointments
Up to 120 days unless the Senate doesn't act to confirm
229
This part of the Executive branch advises the President on economic issues
Council of Economic Advisors (CEA)
230
Concurrent resolution
When Congress ends the use of combat forces at any time
231
Policy Czars
Positions that focus on one area
232
Whistleblower Protection Act
Act that was created so that bureaucrats that tell the truth about the government, can't get fired for telling the truth
233
The Classic model of bureaucracy in which a clear hierarchy is visible and rules are established
Weberian Model
234
When the CIA and the FBI have programs that work against each other
Conflict
235
The tendency of an agency to grow regardless of the cost or benefits to its programs
Imperialism
236
Bureaucrats may sometimes successfully resist presidential initiatives because they cannot be removed for office for this reason alone
Political reasons/their personal beliefs
237
One of the largest gov't employers today/largest exec. Branch office of the 19th century
Post office
238
American bureaucracy uses this type of federalism
Dual Federalism
239
Today's bureaucracy is largely a result of these two events
New Deal and WWII
240
Pendleton Act
An act that established the principles of employment on the basis of merit and created the Civil Service Commission to administer the personnel service
241
IRS answers to this Cabinet department
US Dept. of Treasury
242
This cabinet department deals with worker issues like minimum wage
Department of Labor
243
Smallest cabinet department
Department of Education
244
This cabinet department oversees the National Park Service
Department of the Interior
245
Why's it hard to fire a bureaucrat?
Long Process; lots of red tape
246
This agency played a major role in getting acts like he Clean Air Act passed
EPA
247
Agency that deals with US monetary policy by controlling interest rates
The Fed
248
This is what happens to an issue network after its goal has been achieved
it dissolves
249
Laws that require most bureaucratic matters to be made public
Sunshine Laws
250
Laws that expire unless Congress votes to extend them
Sunset Laws
251
A bureaucrat who informs the public about waste in the government
Whistleblower
252
Agencies like the Fed and SEC who have more independence and are responsible for protecting the public interest
Independent Regulatory Agencies
253
An agency such as the CIA, that is directly responsible to the president but is not a cabinet department
Independent Executive Agency
254
When an agency becomes part of the industry it's supposed to regulate
Capture
255
An organization made up of agency members, the media, think tanks and others in the government who help an agency deal with pressure from interest groups
Issue Network
256
When a bureaucrat can choose the course of action taken because there's no pre-existing law, he's using this type of authority
Discretionary Authority
257
AMTRAK and the USPS are examples of this part of the bureaucracy
Government Corporations
258
The main office that gives the test most competitive civil servants have to take
Office of Personnel Management
259
The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 created this group
Office of Personnel Management
260
Why many people didn't like the bureaucracy when it first started
Spoils System (people weren't qualified)
261
Secret Service was originally part of this department...
Department of Treasury
262
How does Congress oversee bureaucracy
Money
Investigations
Create/Destroy Agencies
Senatorial Courtesy
263
Reforming the bureaucracy by having corporations take over services such as jails and hospitals
Privatizations
264
Cabinet that deals with healthcare reform
Health and Human Services
265
Cabinet department that handles nuclear materials
Department of Energy
266
The legal name given to the idea that the Senate has to confirm presidential appointments
Senatorial Courtesy
267
What the Constitution says about the bureaucracy
Nothing!
268
Enabling Legislation
Legislation that creates a new agency and says exactly what types of policies they can create
269
Office of Special Counsel was created by this Act
Whistleblower Protection Act
270
This occurs when bureaucrats use discretionary authority to rule, angering many citizens
Arbitrary Rule
271
Monopolistic model of Bureaucracy
No competition = inefficient
272
Administrative Agency and their function
Agencies that perform a specific function and make laws more specific
273
Largest Branch of Government
Executive
274
Difference between Cabinet Departments and Independent Executive Agencies
Independent Executive Agencies - report to pres. but not part of cabinet
275
How does line organization affect the bureaucracy
Congress must approve new or eliminated depts
President fires/appoints officials - leads to plum jobs
276
How might capture affect an Independent Regulatory Agency
Higher prices, no competition, conflict of interest
277
Biggest power of bureaucracy
Discretionary Authority
278
Most bureaucrats are on this level
Local
279
How are government corporations different than a business corporation?
Controlled by gov't
Don't pay taxes
Can't buy stock
Ex: AMTRAK, USPS
280
Privatization was most successful on which level
Local
281
Under sunset laws existing programs have to be reviewed by ___ who also gives permission to them to be extended
Congress
282
How bureaucrats make policy
Enabling legislation
Makes laws more specific
Controversial topics = public hearings
283
All regulations published in the ____
Federal Register
284
Police Patrol
Bureaucracy is too big
| - catch some problems but not most
285
"Fire Alarm" approach
Uncovers major problems but too usually too late
Ex: Katrina and FEMA
286
Legislation that allows an agency to exist and stars exactly what types of policies they can have
Enabling
287
Department that creates highways and rules for them
Department of Transportation
288
Dept. that promotes job creation, economic growth, sustainable development
Department of Commerce
289
Controls phones, TV, radio
Censorship
Refused to investigate patriot act
Emergency communications
Federal Communications Commission
290
What does the SEC do
Securities and exchange
- look at nations stock
- crime: SEC will fine you and make sure you cannot trade again
291
Dept. that deals with national disaster protection cyber security, counter terrorism
Homeland Security
292
Dept formed after 9/11
Homeland Security
293
Investigative wing of dept of justice
FBI
294
Joint chiefs of staff are in what dept
Dept. of Defense
295
Evaluates security risks with domestic, foreign and military issues
Presidents main forum for for foreign policy w/ cabinet
National Security Council
296
Litigation
is when people go to court in order to get a positive ruling for their cause. If there is a law that hurts a certain group of people, they can go to court and say that it is unlawful, and that it impinges on their rights. Civil rights groups like the NAACP use litigation to force lawmakers to bring forth fair regulations as guaranteed in the constitution
