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Computer Science > AP Vocab > Flashcards

AP Vocab Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

Prototype

A

A preliminary sketch of an idea or model for something new

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2
Q

Innovation

A

a novel or improved idea, device, product or the development thereof

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3
Q

Binary question

A

a question to which there are only 2 possible answers

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4
Q

Binary message

A

a message that van be only 1 of 2 possible values

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5
Q

Bit

A

binary digit

the single unit of info in a computer

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6
Q

Bit rate

A

the number of bits that are sent per unit of time

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7
Q

Bandwidth

A

transmission capacity

measured by bitrate

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8
Q

Latency

A

time it takes for one bit to travel from a sender to a reciever

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9
Q

Protocol

A

set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices

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10
Q

Permutation

A

an ordered arrangement of objects

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11
Q

Number System

A

A collection of symbols and the rules for ordering them

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12
Q

ASCII

A

the universally recognized raw text format that any computer can understand

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13
Q

Code

A

write instructions for a computer

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14
Q

IETF

A

Develops and promotes voluntary internet standards and protocols

Specifically TCP/IP

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15
Q

Internet

A

a group of computer and servers that are connected to eachother

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16
Q

Net Neutrality

A

the principle that all internet traffic should be treated equally by all Internet Service Providers

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17
Q

Request for Comments

A

Documents that define standards and protocols and are published on the IETF website

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18
Q

IP Address

A

A number assigned to any device connected to the internet

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19
Q

Packets

A

small chunks of information carefully former from larger chunks of information

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20
Q

Router

A

a computer that recieves messages traveling across a network and redirects them towards their intended destinations based on the addressing information included with the message

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21
Q

TCP

A

provides reliable, ordered and error-checked delivery of a stream of packets on the internet

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22
Q

DNS

A

the internet’s system for converting alphabetic names (URLs) into numeric IP addresses

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23
Q

Fault tolerant

A

enables a system to continuing operating properly in the event of the failure of one of its componenets

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24
Q

HTTP

A

protocol used by the World Wide Web

describes how messages are formatted and interchanged and how web servers respond to commands

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25
URL
an easy to remember address for calling a webpage
26
HTML
the LANGUAGE for described structured documents as well as the language used to create web pages in the Internet
27
Abstraction
Reducing information and detail and focusing on essential characteristics
28
Server
A computer that waits for and responds to request for data
29
Client
A computer that requests data stored on a server
30
Byte
A unit of data that is 8 bits long
31
Kilobyte
A unit of data made up of 1024 bytes
32
Megabyte
A unit of data made up of 1024 kilobytes
33
Heuristic
A problem solving approach (alogirthm) to find a satisfactory solution where finding an optimal or exact is impractical or impossible
34
Image
A type of data used for graphics or pictues
35
Metadata
Data that describes other data
36
Pixel
This model uses varying intensities of Red, Green, and Blue light that are added in together to create a broad array of colors
37
Lossless Compression
A data compression algorithm that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data
38
Lossy
compression scheme in which "useless" information is thrown out in order to reduce the size of the data
39
Hexadecimal Number System
A numbering system that consists of 16 distinct symbols, 0-9 and A-F, which can occur in each place value
40
Hypothesis
A proposed explanation for some phenomenon used as the basis for further investigation
41
README
A document providing background information about a dataset
42
CSV
Comma separated values Widely used file format for storing data
43
Raw Data
original data as it was collected
44
Summary table
a table of aggregate information about a dataset summarize lots of data into a form that is more useful and easier to use
45
Aggregation
A computation in which rows from a data set are grouped together and used to compute a single value of more significant meaning or measurement
46
Examples of aggregation
Sum, average, max, median, and count
47
Algorithm
A precise sequence of instructions for processes that can be executed by a computer and are implemented using programming languages
48
Is there any algorithm for every problem?
NO
49
Low level programming language
a programming language that captures only the primitive operations available to a machine. Anything a computer can do can be represented with combinations of low level commands
50
High level programming language
a programming language with many commands and features designed to make common tasks easier to program Any high level functionality is encapsulated as combinations of low level commands
51
Sequencing
the application of each step of an algorithm in the order in which the statements are given
52
Selection
uses a Boolean condition (TRUE/FALSE) to determine which of two parts of an algorithm is used
53
Iteration
the repetition of part of an algorithm until a condition is met or for a specified number of times
54
Abstraction
pulling out specific differences to make one solution work for multiple problems
55
Function/method
a piece of code you can easily call over and over agian
56
API
Application Programming Interface collection of commands/functions typically with a shared purpose
57
Documentation
Description of the behavior of a command, function or library
58
Library
collection of commands/functions typically with a shared purpose
59
Parameter
an extra piece of information that you pass to the function to customize for a specific need
60
Loop
a programming construct that repeats a group of commands
61
For loop
A looping construct that defines a counting variable that is checked and incremented on each iteration in order to loop a specific number of times
62
Moore's Law
States that every 18 months of so, computers and digital technology will double in speed and capacity while the cost gets cut in half
63
DDoS
Distributed denial of service this is a type of denial of service in which the requests come from hundreds or thousands of IP addresses
64
DNS Spoofing
A form of computer hacking in which corrupt DNS data is introduced Causes name server to return an incorrect IP address Traffic goes to attacker's computer
65
Event driven variable
A program that runs in relation to an event, such as user actions
66
Element
must be given an unique ID so a program can reference it this is like naming a button on a screen "but1"
67
Can you have an element without an event variable?
Yes
68
Global variable
often declared at the top of a program, can be accessed and changed by any function within the program
69
Local variable
Only exists within the function in which it was declared

Computer Science (5 decks)

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