AP WH chapter 7 Flashcards
(12 cards)
To what extent did the Atlantic revolutions generate significant transformation during the long nineteenth century?
The Atlantic Revolutions implemented Enlightenment ideas, promoting equality, freedom, and nationalism, leading to significant global political and social changes in the 19th and 20th centuries.
In what ways did the ideas of the Enlightenment contribute to the Atlantic revolutions?
The Enlightenment emphasized human action in improving political and social arrangements, promoting ideas like liberty, equality, free trade, religious tolerance, republicanism, human rationality, popular sovereignty, natural rights, and social contracts.
What was revolutionary about the American Revolution, and what was not?
The American Revolution marked a significant political change by breaking away from Great Britain, but did not primarily aim to preserve existing colonial liberties.
In what ways did the French Revolution impact various social groups in French society?
Revolutionaries attacked Catholic clergy and nobility, while women gained political rights and citizens began to identify as part of the French nation.
What caused the French Revolution to become much more radical than the American Revolution?
The French Revolution faced internal and foreign opposition, leading to fear of overturning it. Urban crowds organized insurrections, resulting in more radicalism than the American Revolution.
What was distinctive about the Haitian Revolution, both in world history generally and in the history of Atlantic revolutions?
The French Revolution faced internal and foreign opposition, leading to fear of overturning it. Urban crowds organized insurrections, resulting in more radicalism than the American Revolution.
How were the Spanish American revolutions shaped by the American, French, and Haitian revolutions?
- Napoleon conquered Spain and Portugal, deposing the monarchs who ruled over Latin America and forcing Latin Americans to take action.
- Enlightenment ideas that had inspired earlier revolutions also inspired the revolutions in Latin America.
- The violence of the French and Haitian revolutions was a lesson to Latin American elites that political change could easily get out of hand and was fraught with danger.
What accounts for the end of Atlantic slavery during the nineteenth century?
The end of Atlantic slavery in the 19th century was attributed to Enlightenment’s emphasis on natural rights, Protestant Christian groups’ push, and slave rebellions in the Americas.
To what extent did the end of slavery transform the lives of formerly enslaved people?
● In most cases, the economic lives of the former slaves did not improve dramatically.
● Outside of Haiti, newly freed people did not achieve anything close to political equality.
● The greatest change was that former slaves were now legally free.
What political or moral issues arise as historians consider the Atlantic revolutions?
- Despite positive outcomes, high cost of loss of life and property.
- Revolutions did not benefit everyone in society.
- Slavery persisted in the US despite Declaration of Independence promises.
- Women’s significant role in many revolutions, but potential political gains never materialized.
what were the achievements and limitations of 19th century feminism?
The women’s movement achieved several milestones, including limited university admissions for women and increased literacy rates. In the US, states enacted laws granting women property and wage control, while divorce laws became more liberal. Professions like medicine and teaching opened to women, and nursing and social work emerged as female-dominated fields. The movement sparked a profound debate on women’s roles in modern society.
What accounts for the growth of nationalism as a powerful political and personal identity in the nineteenth century?
- Atlantic revolutions asserted sovereignty over people.
- Populations viewed themselves as citizens, bound by blood, culture, and common experiences.
- 19th century science and migration weakened these bonds.
- Standardization of dialects in printing and publishing facilitated a common linguistic group.
- Western governments claimed to act on behalf of their nations, instilling national loyalties through schools, public rituals, mass media, and military service.
