Quiz Flashcards
(17 cards)
What marks 1750-1900 as a distinct period of world history?
- increased prominence of Europe and North America
- revolutions by American, French, Haitian, Latin American
-birth of industrialism
What were the most important primary and secondary causes of the Atlantic revolutions?
Primary - Seven years war and Atlantic revolutions; French intervention in American and Haitian revolutions; Latin American revolutions inspired by American and Haitian revolution
Secondary - European colonization and enlightenment ideas spread through Atlantic basin
What was revolutionary about the American Revolution, and what was not?
Marked desisive political change
Not bc it preserved existing colonial liberties rather than create new ones
In what ways did the French Revolution impact various social groups in French society?
-Women secured political rights
-Citizens identified as part of the French nation
What caused the French Revolution to become much more radical than the American Revolution?
- internal resistance and foreign opposition
- urban crowds organized insurrections
- insurrections led to more radicalism than American Revolution
What was distinctive about the Haitian Revolution, both in world history generally and in the history of Atlantic revolutions?
- only completely successful slave revolt in world history
- remained Haiti, inspiring other rebellions
- boosted abolitionist movement
- served as pride for African descent
In what ways can Enlightenment thought be seen as a cause of the French and Haitian revolutions?
- both revolutions used enlightenment to challenge traditional governance beliefs
- advocated for natural rights and equality against monarchy in France and slave labor in Haiti
In what ways did the spread of Enlightenment philosophy affect independence movements in Latin America?
- creole intellectuals had become familiarized with European enlightenment’s popular sovereignty, republican government, personal liberty
- Spanish American military leaders influenced by enlightenment nationalism, French Revolution-inspired
American Revolution
Successful rebellion against British rule conducted by the European settlers in the thirteen colonies of British North America, starting in
1775; a conservative revolution whose success preserved property rights and class distinctions but established republican government in place of monarchy.
Declaration of the rights of the man and citizen
Charter of political liberties, drawn up by the French National
Assembly in 1789, that proclaimed the equal rights of all male citizens; the declaration gave expression to the essential outlook of the French Revolution and became the preamble to the French constitution completed in 1791.
French Revolution
Massive upheaval of French society (1789-1815) that overthrew the monarchy, ended the legal privileges of the nobility, and for a time outlawed the Catholic Church. The __ proceeded in stages, becoming increasingly radical and violent until the period known as the Terror in 1793-1794, after which it became more conservative, especially under Napoleon Bonaparte (r. 1799-1815).
Robespierre
Leader of the French Revolution during the Terror; his Committee of Public Safety executed tens of thousands of enemies of the revolution until he was arrested and guillotined.
Napoleon Bonaparte
French head of state and general (r. 1799-1815); Napoleon preserved much of the French Revolution under a military dictatorship and was responsible for the spread of revolutionary ideals through his conquest of much of Europe.
Haitian Revolution
The only fully successful slave rebellion in world history; the uprising in the French Caribbean colony of Saint Domingue (later renamed Haiti, which means “mountainous” or “rugged” in the native Taino language) was sparked by the French Revolution and led to the establishment of an
independent state after a long and bloody war (1791-1804). Its first leader was Toussaint Louverture, a former enslaved person.
Latin American Revolutions
Series of risings in the Spanish and Portuguese loonies of Latin America that established the independence of new states from European rule but that for the most part retained the privileges of the elites despite efforts at more radical social change by the lower classes
Hidalgo-Morelos Rebellion
Socially radical peasant rebellion in Mexico led by the priests Miguel Hidalgo and Jose Morelos
Tupac Amaru
Leader of a Native American rebellion in Peru in the wary 1780’s claiming the last Inca emperor as an ancestor
