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AP World History > AP World Unit 4 > Flashcards

AP World Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

African Diaspora

A

Africans living outside of Africa (usually slaves) who retained some aspects of their cultures

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2
Q

Akbar the Great

A

1556-1605, remembered for his military successes and administrative achievements in the Mughal Empire

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3
Q

Asante Empire

A

African Kingdom on the Gold Coast which expanded rapidly after 1680

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4
Q

Astronomical Chart

A

map of stars that improved navigation

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5
Q

Aztec Empire

A

an empire in modern-day Mexico, overthrown by Cortes in 1521

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6
Q

Barbary Pirates

A

those who plied the seas near North Africa and along the Barbary Coast, capturing other European slaves in the Mediterranean and sold them to the Sultan or other high-ranking official

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7
Q

Bartholomew Diaz

A

sailed around the Cape of Good Hope then returned home for fear of mutiny

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8
Q

Boyars

A

Russian land-owning aristocrats, had less political power than their western counterparts

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9
Q

Capitalism

A

the economic system of large financial that first developed in modern Europe. Commercial Capitalism, the trading system of early modern economy is distinguished from industrial capitalism, the system based on machine production

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10
Q

Carolina Fur Trade

A

1600s English fur traders pushed into the interior to compete with French trading based in New Orleans and Mobile

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11
Q

Cartography

A

map making

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12
Q

Charter Companies

A

groups of private investors who paid an annual fee to France and England in exchange for a monopoly over trade to the West Indies colonies

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12
Q

Cash Crop

A

sellable crop which was grown and collected for market like sugar or tabacco

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13
Q

Chattel Slavery

A

a system where individuals were considered property and were therefore bought and sold as such

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14
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

a navigator that discovered the Americas under the flag of Spain

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15
Q

City of Potosi

A

located in Bolovia was one of the richest silver mining centers and most populous city in colonial Spanish America

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16
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

the exchange of plants, animals, diseases between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus’s voyages

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17
Q

Commercial Revolution

A

reform of Europe’s economic system centered around trade and developing ideas of capitalism

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18
Q

Conquistadors

A

Spanish soldiers who conquered parts of the Americas in the 16th Century

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19
Q

Cossack

A

peoples of the Russian Empire who lived outside the farming villages, often as herders, mercenaries, or outlaws; led the conquest of Siberia in the 16th and 17th centuries

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20
Q

Creole

A

West African languages mixed with European languages

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21
Q

Criollos

A

people of European ancestry born in the Americas

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22
Q

Dahomey

A

West African Kingdom that became strong from it’s ruler’s exploitation of the slave trade and acquisition of firearms

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23
Q

Dutch West India Company:(1602)

A

trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct merchant’s trade with the Americas and Africa

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24
Engenhos
Portugese sugar plantations called "engines" because of how much sugar they produced
25
Encomienda (a for authority)
a grant of authority over a population of Amerindians in the Spanish colonies that provided the grant holder with a supply of cheap labor and periodic payments of goods from the Amerindians It obliged the grant hold to Christianize the Americas
26
Ferdinand Magellan
Portugese navigator that lead the the spanish expedition to circumnavigate the world
27
Francisco Pizarro:
Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima
28
Galleons
Spanish trading ships that would make round-trip sailing voyages across the Pacific Ocean once or twice a year
29
Glorious Revolution
the overthrow of King James II of England by a union of English Parliamentarians and the Dutch stadholder William III
30
Gloucester County Rebellion
The first recorded slave revolt in what is now the United States, in Virginia (1663)
31
The Great Northern War (1700-1721)
war between the Russians and Swedish that ended with Russia gaining control of the Baltic Sea
32
Henry the Navigator
Prince of Portogual who established an observatory and school of navigation at Sagres and directed voyages that spurred the growth of the Portogal's colonial empire
33
Hispaniola
Name that Columbus gave to the island that is now Haiti and the Dominican Republic
34
Indentured Servant
a migrant to British colonies in the Americas who paid for passage by agreeing to work for a set term ranging from four to seven years
35
Iroquois Confederacy
an alliance between five northeastern amerindian peoples who made decisions on military and diplomatic issues through a council of represenatives.
36
Jamestown
English colony in Virginia that was England's first successful colony in the Americas
37
Japanese Trade Decrees
series of decrees that were designed to keep Christianity from resurfacing, sharply curtailed the trade with Europe
38
Dutch East India Company
A mercantile company chartered by the Dutch to conduct trade throughout the East Indies
39
Jesuit Missionaries
missionaries from the Society of Jesus, they tried and failed to bring Christianity to Japan but were in reaching the elite and scholars in China
40
Joint-Stock Companies:
businesses that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks and profits among many investors
41
Manchus
federation of Northeast Asian peoples who founded the Qing Dynasty
42
Manilla
Spanish commercial center of the Philippines that attracted merchants
43
Manumission(think abolition)
a grant of legal freedom to an individual slave more common in Brazil, Spanish and Franch colonies, than in English colonies
44
Maratha Empire
Indian power that ruled over a large part of the Indian-subcontinent, ended mughal rule in India
45
Maritime Empires
empires that were based upon sea travel, ex. Spain, Portugal, Great Britain, France, and Holland
46
Maroon Wars (slaves)
slaves in the caribbean and former Spanish territories in the Americas fought to gain freedom
47
Mercantilism
European government policies designed to promoted overseas trade between countries and their colonies and accumulate precious metals by only allowing them to trade with their motherland country
48
Mestizos
term used by Spanish authorities to refer to a person of mixed Amerindian and European descent
49
Metacom’s War
aka king Phillips war, english colonists used underhand tactics to control Native American lands
50
Middle Passage
the part of the Atlantic circuit route that involved the transportation of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas
51
Mit’a System
labor obligation in Peru that required a percentage of the adult male Amerindians to work for two to four months each year in mines, farms, or textile factories
52
Monopolies
granted certain merchants, or the government itself the exclusive right to trade
53
Mulatto
the term used in Spanish and Portuguese colonies to describe someone of mixed African and European descent
54
New Amsterdam
Dutch settlement in the Hudson River valley, in present day New York City
55
New Spain
colony estblished by Cortes after overthrowing the Aztecs in Mexico
56
Northwest Passage
a route through or around North America that led to East Asia and the trade there
57
Omani-European Rivalry
a trade rivalry between traders from Oman and European traders over the Indian Ocean Trade that fueled Columbus's search for a new route to India
58
Oyo
African empire that became rich by selling it's captives to Europeans
59
Peninsulares
those who were born on the Iberian peninsula and stood at the top of the social pyramid in Latin America
60
New France
French Colony in North America along the Saint Lawrence River
61
Plantations
labor intense agricultural centers of the world put in place by Spain, Britain, and Portugal
62
Port of Luanda
port founded by the Portugese, became the center for slave trade in Brazil
63
Primogeniture Laws
European laws requiring estates to be passed down to the eldest son
64
Pueblo Revolt
revolt in 1860 of the Apache and Pueblo against the Spanish which temporarily drove the Spanish out of the area which is now New Mexico
65
Puritans
Puritans were English Protestants who were committed to "purifying" the Church of England by eliminating all aspects of Catholicism from religious practices.
66
Quebec
French trading post established in 1608
67
Royal African Company
a trading company chartered by the English government in 1672 to conduct it's merchant's trade on the Atlantic coast of Africa
68
Russian Surfdom
essentially russian slaves, people who worked as artisans, and laborers in factories
69
smallpox
disease brought to the Americas by Europeans which was deadly to previously unexposed native americans
70
syncretism
the combining of different religious practices and beliefs
71
time of troubles
time in the early 17th century when Swedish and Polish forces occupied Moscow
72
Trading Post Empire
empires based on small outposts rather than large territories
73
Transatlantic Slave Trade
Africans were captured and sold in the Americas as slaves
74
Treaty of Tordesillas
treaty that divided the Americas between Spain and Portugal
75
Triangular Trade
Atlantic trading system that had three segments which involved the Americas, Africa, and
76
Vasco Da Gama
landed in India in 1498 and claimed the territory for portugal's empire
77
Viceroyalty
highest ranking Spanish officials in the colonies who enjoyed broad power but also faced the obstacles of it's broadness
78
Zambos
those of mixed indigenous and African ancestry in the Americas

AP World History (4 decks)

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