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Apes 🦧 > Apes Ch. 12+13 > Flashcards

Apes Ch. 12+13 Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

Fossil fuel

A

A fuel that came from fossils millions of years ago

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2
Q

Non-renewable energy

A

Energy that can run out, mainly fossil fuels and nuclear fuels

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3
Q

Nuclear fuel

A

Fuel that comes from radioactive material that give off energy

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4
Q

What are the fossil fuels

A

Coal. Oil. Natural gad.

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5
Q

Process to get fossil fuels

A

Animals that decompose in anaerobic areas, and they build up quickly so decomposers can’t keep up so it builds up and over time it fossilized and bc of heat +pressure it causes it to be a high energy combustible fluid

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6
Q

How many joules are in a gigajoule

A

1 billion

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7
Q

How many gigajoules are in exjoule

A

1 billion

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8
Q

Percentage of world’s population that lives in developed country

A

20%

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9
Q

How much energy does People in developed countries use energy

A

70% of worlds energy every

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10
Q

Most popular were consumed fossil fuel

A

Oil

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11
Q

What are the major energy sources for the world

A

Fossil fuels that are coal/peat, natural gas, and oil

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12
Q

Commercial energy sources

A

Energy sources that are bought and sold such as coal and oil and other natural gas

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13
Q

Subsistence energy sources

A

Energy sources that are gathered by individuals for their own immediate needs that are ,straw’s, sticks and animal waste ,etc

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14
Q

What was the earliest energy source

A

Wood

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15
Q

Why has natural gas use recently been going up

A

Because of its increase in availability and decrease and price bc of fracking

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16
Q

Energy carrier

A

Something that can move and deliver energy in a convenient usable form to end users

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17
Q

Turbine

A

A device with blades that can be turned by water wind steam or exhaust gas from combustion that turns a generator in electricity producing plant

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18
Q

Electrical grind

A

A network of interconnected transmission lines that joins power plants together and links them with end users of electricity

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19
Q

Combined cycle

A

A power plant that uses both exhaust gasses and steam turbines to generate electricity

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20
Q

Capacity

A

In reference to an electricity generating plant that maximum electrical output

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21
Q

Capacity factor

A

The fraction of time a power plants operates in a year

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22
Q

Cogeneration

A

They use the fuel to generate electricity and produce heat also known as combined heat and power

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23
Q

Coal

A

A solid fuel formed primarily from the remains of trees ferns and other plant materials preserve 280 million to 360 million years ago

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24
Q

Give a example of output/ input of energy.

A

We’ll input into the US energy system from both domestic production and import some other countries also hydraulic and electric energy comes from water that flows within a physical boundary of the country as well from neighboring countries such as Canada but it is not an energy import until we move it into a technological system and an output of it is the work the end use of the energy such as in transportation residential commercial and industrial usage and the output is waste CO 2 and other pollutants

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25
What have energy inputs decreased to the US
The US is more reliant on making their own oil and natural gas's
26
What is the preferred form of energy for transportation ?
Usually prefer gasoline or diesel fuel liquid energy sources that are relatively compact
27
What is energy efficiency
Energy efficiency is the efficiency of the process used to get the fuel and the efficiency of the process to convert it into the product needed
28
2nd law thermodynamics
It States that when energy is transformed it has the ability to Decrease energy because some of the energy is lost during each conversion
29
Efficiency of converting coal into electricity
35%
30
What does EROEI stand for?
Energy return on energy investment
31
What does EROEI mean
The amount of energy that we get out of an energy source, for every energy unit of energy used on producing it. Basically how hard you have to work to get it compared.to how much u get out of it)
32
Is a higher or larger value for EROEI Good
A larger value for EROEI means a more efficient and a better process
33
Alternatives other than driving by car
Carpooling, public transportation
34
Energy Carrier
Something that can move and deliver energy in a convenient usable form to end users
35
Turbine
A device with blades that can be turned by water ,wind ,steam or exhaust gas from combustion that turns a generator in an electricity producing plant
36
Electric grid
A network of interconnected transmission lines that joins power plants together and links them with end users of electricity.
37
Combined cycle
A power plant that uses both exhaust gasses and steam turbines to generate electricity
38
Capacity
In reference to an electricity generating plant the maximum electrical output
39
Capacity factor
The fraction of time a parapleant operates in a year
40
Cogeneration
The use of fuel to generate electricity and produce heat also known as combined heat and power
41
Coal
A solid fuel form primarily from the remains of trees, ferns, and other plant materials preserve 280 million to 360 million years ago
42
Petroleum
A fossil fuels that occurs in underground deposits, composed a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons, water, and sulfur
43
Crude oil
Liquid petroleum removed from the ground
44
Oil sands
Slow flowing, gummy like deposits of Bitumen mixed with sand, water, and clay.
45
Bitumen
A degraded petroleum that forms when petroleum migrates to the surface of the Earth and is modified by bacteria
46
Herbert curves
A bell shaped curve representing oil use and projecting both when world oil production will reach a maximum and when the world will run out of oil
47
Peak oil
The point at which half the total known oil supply is used up
48
CTL( Coal to liquid)
The process of converting solid coal into liquid fuel
49
Energy intensity
The energy used per units of gross domestic product or ( GPD )
50
Fission
A nuclear reaction in which a neutron strikes relatively large atomic nucleus, which then splits it to 2 or more parts, releasing additional neutrons and energy in the form of heat
51
Fuel rod
A cylindrical tube that encloses nuclear fuel within a nuclear reactor
52
Control rod
A cylindercal device inserted between the fuel rods in a nuclear reactor to absorb excess neutrons and slow/stop the fission reaction
53
Radioactive waste
Nuclear fuel that can no longer produce enough heat to be useful in a power plant but continues to emit radioactivity
54
Becquerel (BQ)
A unit that measures the rate at which a sample of radioactive material decays 1 Bq = Decay of one atom or nucleus per second
55
Curie
A unit that measures radiation 1 curie = 37 billion decays per second
56
Nuclear fusion
A reaction that occurs when lighter nuclei are forced together to produce heavier nuclei
57
Energy conservation
Finding and implementing ways to use less energy
58
Tiered rate system
A billing system used by some electric companies in which customers pay higher rates as their use goes up
59
Peak demand
The greatest quantity of energy used at any one time
60
passive solar design
Construction designed to take advantage of solar radiation without active technology
61
Thermal mass
A property of a building material that allows to maintain heat or cold
62
Potentially renewable
A energy source that can be regenerated indefinitely as long as it is not overharvested
63
Non depletable
A energy source that cannot be used up
64
Renewable
In energy management, an energy source that is either potentially renewable or non depletable
65
Bio fuel
Liquid fuel created from the processed or refined biomass
66
Modern carbon
Carbon in biomass that was recently in the atmosphere
67
Fossil carbon
Carbon and fossil fuels
68
Carbon neutral
An activity that does not change atmospheric CO2 concentrations
69
Net removal
The process of removing more than is replaced by growth typically use when referring to carbon
70
Ethanol
Alcohol made by converting starches and sugars from plant material into alcohol and CO2
71
Bio diesel
A diesel substitute produced by extracting and chemically altering oil from plants
72
Flex fuel vehicle
A vehicle that runs either on gasoline or gasoline/ethanol mixture
73
Hydro electricity
Electricity generated by the kinetic energy of moving water
74
Run of the river
Hydro electricity generation in which water is retained behind a low dam or no dam
75
water impoundment
The storage of water In a reservoir behind a dam
76
Tidal energy
Energy that comes from the movements of water driven by the gravitational pull of the moon
77
Siltation
The accumulation of sediments, Primarily silt, On the bottom of a reservoir On the bottom of the reservoir
78
Active solar energy
Energy captured from sunlight with advanced technologies
79
Photovolaic solar cell
A system of capturing energy from sunlight and converting it directly into electricity
80
Wind energy
Energy generated from the kinetic energy of moving air
81
Wind turbine
A turbine that converts wind energy into electricity
82
Geothermal energy
Heat energy that comes from the natural radioactive decay deep within the Earth
83
Ground source heat pump
A technology that transfers heat from the ground to a building
84
Fuel cell
A electrical chemical device that converts fuel such as hydrogen into a electrical current
85
Electroysis
The application of electric current to water, to split them into hydrogen and oxygen

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