Apes Ch.6

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

A group of the same species

Question 2

Population ecology

Answer 2

Study of the rise and falls of certain species, populations are dynamic

Question 3

Inputs

Answer 3

Birth and immigration

Question 4

Outputs

Answer 4

Emmigration and death.

Question 5

What is the value of a population study

Answer 5

Important to know how many male and female, might give us a chance to help dying populations if we know how to help it.

Question 6

Population size

Answer 6

Total number of organisms of that species

Question 7

Population density

Answer 7

How close the individuals are from the species, how packed

Question 8

Population density formula

Answer 8

Number of organisms divided by the area of the habitat

Question 9

Endangered

Answer 9

Numbers are so few, on the verge of Extinction

Question 10

Threatened

Answer 10

Not as bad as endangered, but on the verge of being endangered

Question 11

Population distribution

Answer 11

Where the Organisms are in relation to the others

Question 12

Random distribution

Answer 12

Not everything in the same place, scattered

Question 13

Uniform distribution

Answer 13

Often associated with birds, if anyone goes in their territory they will get killed, they are equidistant from each other

Question 14

Population sex ratio

Answer 14

Used to get an idea about offspring

Question 15

Population age structure

Answer 15

Only used for people, based on age

Question 16

Dark green

Answer 16

Pre -Reproductive group, 15 and under

Question 17

Medium green

Answer 17

Reproductive group, 15 through 45

Question 18

Light green

Answer 18

Post reproductive group, 45 and up

Question 19

How do you find the future population

Answer 19

Look at the amount of pre reproductive group

Question 20

Why is immigration wanted

Answer 20

Food, intellect, diversity, etc

Question 21

What are the two factors that influence a population

Answer 21

Density dependent and density Independent

Question 22

Density dependent

Answer 22

Has a greater effect people are closer to each other, for example a virus

Question 23

Density Independent

Answer 23

Population is far apart, so a flood would affect this population

Question 24

Exponential growth

Answer 24

True exponential growth doubles each generation, reproduction starts slow, not very realistic because it cannot keep going forever because they will eventually run out of space and resources
J shape graph

Question 25

Limiting factors

Answer 25

Factors necessary for survival

Question 26

Formula to predict how big a population is

Answer 26

N. = N. E^(r)(t) T. O R=growth rate T=time

Question 27

Logistic growth

Answer 27

Grows rapidly for a while then levels out S shape graph

Question 28

Carrying capacity

Answer 28

Number of resources available for the species, when the species reaches their limit, they are going to reduce their population

Question 29

Overshoot

Answer 29

A population might exceed carrying capacity if it is allowed by more resources

Question 30

Die off

Answer 30

Population starts to decrease below carrying capacity

Question 31

Preditation

Answer 31

Predator prey relationships

Question 32

Why do predators increase after preys increase

Answer 32

When prey increases there are more food resources for the predator to increase

Question 33

What do invasive species lack

Answer 33

Predators

Question 34

Describe r and k selected species

Answer 34

K selected species increase population slowly, because they live longer and have a longer generation time, take longer to take reach maturity, offsprings are larger, fewer, and offspring requires care.(humans) R selected species are the opposite(frogs)

Question 35

Survivorship curves

Answer 35

How long you expect a organism to live

Question 36

Type 1

Answer 36

Lose very few in the beginning, dies slowly, humans

Question 37

Type 2

Answer 37

Just as likely to die early or to die old

Question 38

Type 3

Answer 38

Dies very quickly

Question 39

Metapopulation

Answer 39

Group of the same species, but located in different areas, species of these populations move from one group to another group

Question 40

Corridors

Answer 40

Connections between the habitats for species to go to one to another

Question 41

Anthropogenic corridor

Answer 41

Connection between habitats but man-made

Question 42

Competition

Answer 42

Struggle of organisms to obtain the same limiting resource

Question 43

Competitive exclusion principle

Answer 43

Two organisms competing for one resource, one will be successful one will not

Question 44

Resource partitioning

Answer 44

Limited resources, each organism shares the food and can maintain their population levels by sharing and having more than one resource

Question 45

Temporal resource partitioning

Answer 45

Same resource but not direct competition, for example wolves eat during the day but coyotes eat during the night

Question 46

Spatial resource partitioning

Answer 46

Competing for the same resources from different areas, for example plants competing for water but one gets their water from the deeper ground one gets it from the top ground, competing, but from different places

Question 47

Morphological resource partitioning

Answer 47

Morphology is structure, competing for the same resource but their structure is different. For example, a big predator has a big jaw and eats big or adult seeds, while a small animal with a smaller jaw is still competing for the same resources but eats small seeds

Question 48

Why is a cow eating a plant not true preditation

Answer 48

Because it is an animal eating a plant not eating another animal

Question 49

Pathogens

Answer 49

Survives by devouring organisms, for example viruses, bacteria, fungi

Question 50

Parasitoids

Answer 50

Organism lays an egg inside another organism

Question 51

Parasite

Answer 51

Organism that lives in another organism, and other organism is called a host

Question 52

Prey defenses

Answer 52

To avoid being eaten or harmed by a predator

Question 53

Behavioral defense

Answer 53

Standing still, running

Question 54

Morphological defense

Answer 54

Structures, such as spines, thorns, sharp teeth, etc

Question 55

Chemical defense

Answer 55

Mosquito bite, snake venom

Question 56

Mimicry defense

Answer 56

Looking like different species

Question 57

Symbiotic relationships

Answer 57

Occurs when two organisms live very close to each other, can even be like inside for example a coral reef

Question 58

Mutualism

Answer 58

Both species benefits

Question 59

Examples of mutualism

Answer 59

Acacia trees and ants Lichen and fungus Coral and polypus

Question 60

Symbiosis commensalism

Answer 60

One of two organisms benefit, while the other is not affected for example birds and trees

Question 61

Parasitism

Answer 61

When organism benefits while one is harmed

Question 62

Keystone species

Answer 62

Gets its name from architectural buildings built from stone, they are species that must be there or the ecosystem collapses for example starfish they increase the biodiversity of coral reefs

Question 63

Ecological succession

Answer 63

Process of change in a species over time

Question 64

Succession

Answer 64

Orderly change in type of species over time, very predictable

Question 65

Primary succession

Answer 65

Change in species in an area without soil in the beginning, starts in areas without dirt but plants can grow because of a pioneer plant.

Question 66

Pioneer plants

Answer 66

First plant in primary succession

Question 67

Secondary succession

Answer 67

Change form, devastated area but soil is still present, weed is likely to be a pioneer plant in secondary succession

Question 68

How is it possible to get soil from one place to another place without soil

Answer 68

Erosion and weathering, a lot of soil is carried in the wind

Question 69

Climax plants

Answer 69

Last plants usually trees

Question 70

Theory of island biogeography

Answer 70

What the number of organisms on an island depend on, this is a theory or an explanation of how many species there are on every island

Question 71

What is the theory of Island biogeography

Answer 71

This is a theory where the size of the island, distance from the mainland, and its biotic and abiotic factor is explained. The bigger the island, the more species it has, the more habitats and resources the more species, the closer the island is the mainland the more species it has because it's closer to fly or swim to.