Apex FINAL Flashcards
Muscular innervation of the larynx
SCAR pneumonic
Superior laryngeal nerve= Cricothyroid muscles
All other muscles = Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Which muscle elongates (tenses) vocal ligaments?
cricothyroid
Which muscles shorten (relax) the vocal ligaments
vocalis
thyroarytenoid
What muscles ADDuct the vocal folds (narrow glottis)
Thyroarytenoid
Lateral cricoarytenoid
What muscle ABducts the vocal folds (glottic diameter)
Posterior cricoarytenoid
What muscle closes the laryngeal vestibule
Aryepiglottic
what muscle closes the posterior commissure of the glottis?
interarytenoid
What muscles elevate the larynx?
- Digastric
- mylohyoid
- stylohyoid
- digastric (posterior belly)
- thyrohyoid
primary nerve that provides sensory info to face and head. Include CN #
Trigeminal n. (CN5)
What CN is responsible for swallowing and phonation
CN 9 Glossopharyngeal
What CN provides sensory function to posterior 1/3 of tongue, anterior side of epiglottis, and serves as the afferent limb of the gag reflex?
glossopharyngeal (CN9)
What provides sensory innervation to the posterior side of the epiglottis
internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (branches off CN 10)
sensory innervation in the trachea below the vocal cords is provided by what nerve
Recurrent laryngeal nerve (branch of CN10)
What laryngeal n. is most susceptible to injury?
The left recurrent laryngeal n. It loops under the Ao arch
What is a risk when using 20% benzocaine for a LA spray?
Methemoglobinemia
Swish and swallow 4% viscous lidocaine can cause what adverse effect
N/V
What enzyme deficiency makes cocaine an unsafe choice as a LA
PChE deficiency (increased SNS tone), MAOI drugs
Glossopharyngeal block landmark
palatoglossal arch (anterior tonsillar pillar)
Aspiration of air during glossopharyngeal nerve block means what?
Needle too deep
Aspiration of blood during glosspharyngeal nerve block means the needle should be redirected in what direction
Needle should be withdrawn and then inserted medially (5% risk of carotid injection/seizure)
SLN nerveblock landmark
inferior border of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone
RLN block requires the needle be injected in what direction?
in a caudal direction to avoid vocal cord injury. Patient coughs and sprays LA upward to cords
Larynx lies anterior to what vertebrae
C3-C6
only bone in the body that does not articulate with another bone
Hyoid bone
