Apex quiz questions - Neo Flashcards
Newborn, normal BP? HR? RR?
70/40
140
40-60
1 year old, normal BP? HR? RR?
95/60
120
40
3-year-old, normal BP? HR? RR?
100/65
100
30
12 year old, normal BP? HR? RR?
110/70
80
20
What is HR primarily determined by?
BP
Does stress activate the SNS or PNS?
PNS
Is phenyl a good choice for BP control?
Not really.
They are sensitive to high afterload
Increase HR or give fluids if hypovolemic
Should epi or atropine be given in hypovolemia and bradycardia?
Epi - gives some contractility as well
Normal tidal volume in a neonate?
Same as an adult, 6-8mL/kg
Why is a child’s respiratory rate faster but their tidal volume is unchanged
O2 consumption and CO2 production are doubled and it’s more metabolically efficient to increase rate vs volumes
Epiglottis shape and strength of a child?
More cephalad
C3-C4
U shape or omega
Long and stiff
Tongue and neck size in child compared to adult?
Large tongue and shorter neck
Narrowest part in an adult and child?
Adult- glottic opening
Child - textbooks say glottic opening or cricoid
Best position for an adult for intubation? Child?
Adult - sniffing
Child - head on bed with shoulder roll
Which side is more likely to mainstem? Adult? Child?
Right for adult because it is at less of an acute angle
Child - both side have equal
VO2 of adult and child?
Adult - 3mL/kg/min
Child - 6mL/kg/min
FRC of child compared to adult ?
Slightly decreased FRC which leads to reduced reserve
Type 1 vs type 2 muscle fibers, which is fast twitch and tires out faster ?
Type 2 is fast and tires faster
Do neonates have more type 1 or type 2 fibers in their diaphragm ?
More type 2 which is why they tire faster
Are infants at risk for apnea after surgery? What age should they be admitted for observation?
Yes they are
infants less than 60 weeks should be admitted for 24 hours
Which drug can be given to reduce the risk of post op apnea? Does this take the place of admission?
Caffeine (also theophylline)
DOES NOT take the place of admission
Primary muscle for inspiration in the neonate?
Diaphragm
Why is the FRC reduced in neonates?
Have an increased Closing capacity
Is airflow resistance increased or decreased in the neonate?
Increased due to small diameter
