APGOV.CH12.Edwin.Gomez

Question 1

501(c) groups

Answer 1

Groups that are exempted from reporting their contributions and can receive unlimited contributions. Section 501c of the tax code specifies that such groups cannot spend more than half their funds on political activities

Question 2

527 political committees

Answer 2

A 527 group is created primarily to influence the selection, nomination, election, appointment or defeat of candidates to federal, state or local public office.

Question 3

Barack Obama

Answer 3

an American attorney and politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he was the first African American to be elected to the presidency.

Question 4

Bernie Sanders

Answer 4

an American politician serving as the junior United States Senator from Vermont since 2007. A self-described democratic socialist and progressive, a pro-labor and emphasizes reversing economic inequality.

Question 5

Bipartisan campaign reform act

Answer 5

banned soft money contributions to national political parties from corporations and unions; independent expenditures by corporations, labor unions, trade associations, and nonprofit organizations are sharply restricted, The elimination of “soft money”

Question 6

campaign consultant

Answer 6

sells a candidate the technologies, services, and strategies required to get that candidate elected

Question 7

campaign manager

Answer 7

travels with the candidate and coordinates the many different aspects of the campaign

Question 8

Citizens United v. FEC

Answer 8

A case challenging the Federal Election Commission’s ruling that the documentary film entitled Hilary produced by a non profit corporation and funded by for-profit corporations constituted a violation of the ban on corporate contributions to federal campaigns.The Supreme Court ruled that corporate funding of independent political ads in candidate elections cannot be limited under the first amendment

Question 9

Closed Primary

Answer 9

a primary in which only registered members of a particular political party can vote

Question 10

communications director

Answer 10

develops the overall media strategy for the candidate

Question 11

contrast ad

Answer 11

compares the records and proposals of the candidates with a bias towards the sponsor

Question 12

Conventional Political Participation

Answer 12

political participation that attempts to influence the political process through well-accepted, often moderate forms of persuasion

Question 13

Crossover Voting

Answer 13

Participation in the primary of a party with which the voter is not affiliated.

Question 14

Donald J. Trump

Answer 14

the 45th and current president of the United States. Trump later started various side ventures, including licensing his name for real estate and consumer products. He managed the company until his 2017 inauguration.

Question 15

Elector

Answer 15

Member of the Electoral College chosen by methods determined in each state.

Question 16

Electoral College

Answer 16

Representatives of each state who cast the final ballots that actually elect a president.

Question 17

Electorate

Answer 17

Citizens eligible to vote.

Question 18

Federal Election Campaign Act

Answer 18

A law passed for reforming campaign finance that created the FEC, provided public financing for primaries and general elections, limited presidential campaign spending, required disclosure, and attempted to limit contributions.

Question 19

Federal Election Commission

Answer 19

A six-member bipartisan agency created by the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1974. The FEC administers and enforces campaign finance laws.

Question 20

finance chair

Answer 20

The campaign professional who directs fundraising, campaign spending, and compliance with campaign-finance laws and reporting requirements

Question 21

front-loading

Answer 21

The recent tendency of states to hold primaries early in the calendar in order to capitalize on media attention.

Question 22

General Election

Answer 22

Election in which voters decide which candidates will actually fill elective public offices.

Question 23

get out the vote

Answer 23

A compaign near the end of an election to get voters out to the polls

Question 24

Help America Vote Act

Answer 24

Passed in 2002, designed to create a more uniform voting system. Afforded states to shift from older voting machines to the touch screens used in most states today.

Question 25

Hillary R. Clinton

Answer 25

an American politician, diplomat, lawyer, writer, and public speaker.

Question 26

Incumbency

Answer 26

Tendency of those already holding office to win reelection due to advantage because they already hold the office

Question 27

Independent expenditure

Answer 27

The Supreme Court has ruled that individuals, groups, and parties can spend unlimited amounts in campaigns for or against candidates as long as they operate independently from the candidates. When an individual, group, or party does so, they are making an independent expenditure.

Question 28

Initiative

Answer 28

An election that allows citizens to propose legislation and submit it to the state electorate for popular vote.

Question 29

Inoculation Ad

Answer 29

Advertising that attempts to counteract and anticipated attack from the opposition before the attack is launched.

Question 30

Mandate

Answer 30

A command, indicated by an electorate's votes, for the elected officials to carry out their platforms.

Question 31

Matching Funds

Answer 31

Donations to presidential campaigns from the federal government that are determined by the amount of private funds a qualifying candidate raises.

Question 32

McCutcheon v FEC

Answer 32

Campaign Finance case: (2014) struck down the limits on how much individuals and corporations could give in total to federal candidates and party committees claiming free speech rights. It left in place the limitations per candidate.

Question 33

Midterm Election

Answer 33

Election that takes place in the middle of a presidential term.

Question 34

Negative Ad

Answer 34

Advertising on behalf of a candidate that attacks the opponent's platform or character.

Question 35

open primary

Answer 35

a primary in which any registered voter can vote (but must vote for candidates of only one party)

Question 36

political action committee

Answer 36

committee formed by a special-interest group to raise money for their favorite political candidates

Question 37

pollster

Answer 37

someone who conducts surveys of public opinion

Question 38

Positive Ad

Answer 38

Advertising on behalf of a candidate that stresses the candidate's qualifications, family, and issue positions, without reference to the opponent.

Question 39

Presidential coattails

Answer 39

these occur when voters cast their ballots for congressional candidates of the president's party because they support the president.

Question 40

press secretary

Answer 40

one of the president's top assistants who is in charge of media relations

Question 41

Primary Election

Answer 41

Election in which voters decide which of the candidates within a party will represent the party in the general election.

Question 42

Prospective Judgment

Answer 42

A voter's evaluation of a candidate based on what he or she pledges to do about an issue if elected.

Question 43

Public Funds

Answer 43

Donations from the general tax revenues to the campaigns of qualifying presidential candidates.

Question 44

Retrospective Judgment

Answer 44

A voter's evaluation of the performance of the party in power.

Question 45

Runoff Primary

Answer 45

A second primary election between the two candidates receiving the greatest number of votes in the first primary.

Question 46

reapportionment

Answer 46

the process by which congressional districts are redrawn and seats are redistributed among states in the house. reapportionment occurs every ten years, when census data reportsshifts in the population of districts. each district must have an equal number of residents. states may lose or gain seats during reapportionment, but the total House membership remains 435

Question 47

referendum

Answer 47

process through which voters may vote on new laws. one of several progressive era reforms that increased voters' power over government

Question 48

Recall

Answer 48

An election in which voters can remove and incumbent from office by popular vote.

Question 49

Super PAC

Answer 49

political-action committee that is allowed to raise and spend unlimited amounts of money from corporations, unions, individuals and associations. Some nonprofit groups are allowed to contribute to super PACs without disclosing where their money came from; The most important difference between a super PAC and traditional candidate PAC is in who can contribute, and in how much they can give.

Question 50

Turnout

Answer 50

The proportion of the voting-age public that votes

Question 51

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 51

Principle drafter of the Declaration of Independence; second vice president of the United States; third president of the United Sates from 1801 to 1809. Co-founder of the Democratic Republican Party created to oppose Federalists

Question 52

Unconventional Participation

Answer 52

Relatively uncommon political behavior that challenges or defies established institutions and dominant norms used by disadvantaged groups.

Question 53

voter canvass

Answer 53

The process by which a campaign reaches individual voters, either by door to door solicitation or by telephone.