APHG U6 Flashcards
(34 cards)
Environmental laws, labor availability, and access to markets are major factors affecting which of the following?
Manufacturing locations
A clustering of doctor’s offices and pharmacies near hospitals is BEST explained by the benefits of
agglomeration
All of the following statements about worldwide patterns of development are correct EXCEPT:
A
Per capita income in the United States is higher than in China.
B
The gap in per capita income between rich and poor countries has increased over time.
C
On average, population growth is higher in peripheral countries than in core nations.
D
The largest concentration of the least-developed countries in the world today is in Latin America.
E
Several Asian countries, so-called Asian Tigers, made enormous strides in per capita income and levels of development in the past 30 years.
D
The largest concentration of the least-developed countries in the world today is in Latin America.
Which of the following best describes Alfred Weber’s analysis of location decisions?
It seeks to minimize costs among multiple inputs of production.
Core-periphery models are generally based on the idea that
sharp spatial contrasts in social and economic development exist between economic heartlands and outlying subordinate areas
What explains the benefit of membership in the European Union?
The European single market allows for free trade within the European Union and enables member states to negotiate international trade agreements as a bloc. This gives member states more economic power than they would likely have independently.
The port of Los Angeles is the busiest port in the United States and a major break-of-bulk point. Which of the following statements correctly explains why Los Angeles is a break-of-bulk point?
The port can accommodate large container ships that can be unloaded quickly so that containers can be transferred onto carriers that use California’s highway and rail systems.
The high-tech firms of Silicon Valley in California are clustered together to take advantage of
agglomeration effects
Even though it is a relatively clean source of energy, which of the following is a disadvantage of hydroelectric power?
A
The water used needs to be chemically treated immediately upon leaving the powerhouse.
B
The electricity generated has a lower voltage than electricity generated by traditional coal and natural gas plants.
C
The generators are more complex than coal or gas generators and are expensive to purchase and maintain.
D
It is not an effective power source in regions which traditionally experience less rainfall.
E
It can alter the ecosystems above and below the dam site.
E
It can alter the ecosystems above and below the dam site.
Which of the following concepts explains the decision to relocate market-oriented factories in the United States from the Midwest and Northeast to locations in the southern United States or Mexico?
The concept of comparative advantage may reflect lower costs for labor, land, and capital. Thus, relocating a manufacturing firm from a higher-cost location to a lower-cost location will result in a comparative advantage over firms that continue to operate in higher-cost areas.
Compared with more-developed countries, which of the following statements is true of less developed countries?
A higher percent of the labor force is engaged in food production
Contemporary manufacturing is characterized by
spatial disaggregation of the production process
Which of the following has contributed most to the deindustrialization of regions like the English Midlands and the North American Manufacturing Belt?
Competition from foreign imports
Political geographers consider which of the following as the core area of the United States?
A
The Los Angeles-San Francisco area
B
The New York-Washington, D.C., area
C
The Chicago-Detroit area
D
The Atlanta-Birmingham, Alabama, area
E
The Buffalo-Cleveland area
B
The New York-Washington, D.C., area
The early stages of the core-periphery model describe the
E
relationship of power and the transfer of resources from less developed to more developed areas
Debt-for-nature swaps are financial transactions in which a portion of a developing country’s foreign debt is forgiven in exchange for local investments in environmental conservation measures. Which of the following explains the significance of debt-for-nature programs?
The debt-for-nature programs require debtor governments to promote environmental sustainability and, in turn, reduce the loan payment and tax burden on the citizens of less developed countries.
Compare the bar graph showing coal mine employment and the line graph showing miner production. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from trends in this data?
Responses
A
Coal mining has been outsourced to less-developed countries.
B
Mechanization and computer automation in mining have increased.
C
Legal restrictions have been imposed on the amount of coal exported overseas.
D
Renewable resources are being used more frequently to power vehicles.
E
Natural gas and oil production of electricity has declined.
B
Mechanization and computer automation in mining have increased.
Economic activities that involve the extraction of natural resources, such as lumbering, fishing, mining, and agriculture, are called
primary economic activities
Economic complementarities between two places tend to
occur when each place specializes in commodities demanded by the other
Which of the following best explains the relationship between GDP per capita and world system theory?
Countries with the highest GDP correlate with Wallerstein’s theory of core countries and reflect tertiary, quaternary, and quinary economic activities. Countries with the lowest GDP correlate with Wallerstein’s periphery and reflect labor focused in primary economic activities with some secondary economic activities
The popularity of which of the following is an example of the trend toward ecotourism?
Responses
A
Time-share condominiums on the coast of Spain
B
Ski resorts in Chile
C
National parks in Costa Rica
D
Recreational canals in Florida
E
Artificial lakes in Texas
C
National parks in Costa Rica
Which of the following has fostered the most significant economic growth by eliminating import tariffs between member states?
European Union (EU)
As a less developed country’s economy evolves, the size of the primary sector, the size of the secondary sector, and the size of the tertiary sectors fluctuate. Which of the following statements best describes the highest level of job-opportunity change as countries shift from the periphery to the semiperiphery level of development?
Responses
A
Primary sector employment increases as the country’s domestic demand for food and energy increases.
B
Primary sector employment increases as the country’s economy becomes increasingly export oriented.
C
Tertiary sector employment grows more quickly than any other sector because of foreign direct investment.
D
Secondary sector employment increases as the demand for manufactured products increases.
E
Secondary and tertiary sector employment declines as factories and offices are increasingly automated.
D
Secondary sector employment increases as the demand for manufactured products increases.
What would be the most profitable location for an ethanol manufacturing plant that converts corn into alcohol for use as an additive for gasoline?
Near a prime corn-producing area to minimize transportation costs of raw materials
