APHG - Unit 5

Question 1

Which of the following best explains the importance of climate to agricultural practices?
Midlatitude climates tend to support similar agricultural crops and practices, such as wheat
farming in the United States and China.
Agricultural crops are successful only in midlatitude climates, where any crop can be grown.
Tropical climates support plant-based agriculture, but animal-based agriculture is not successful in tropical areas.
The sparse vegetation in arid or semiarid climates does not support animal-based agriculture.
Cold midlatitude climates are associated with plantation agriculture and pastoral nomadism.

Answer 1

Midlatitude climates tend to support similar agricultural crops and practices, such as wheat
farming in the United States and China.

Question 2

Which of the following pairs of agricultural types occupies the largest percentage of the world’s total land area?
Plantation agriculture and specialized horticulture
Cattle ranching and Mediterranean agriculture
Wheat farming and dairying
Shifting cultivation and nomadic herding
Intensive rice cultivation and subsistence farming

Answer 2

Shifting cultivation and nomadic herding

Question 3

According to the image, what is the tomato?
This tomato has been genetically modified
This tomato has not been genetically modified and is considered organic
This tomato is branded as natural
This tomato is grown conventionally with pesticides
This tomato has been genetically modified, but is considered organic

Answer 3

This tomato has been genetically modified

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the pattern of coffee bean production at the global scale?
A core and periphery
A hierarchical diffusion
Within tropical latitudes
Inside arid climate regions
In more developed countries

Answer 4

Within tropical latitudes

Question 5

Which of the following is the essential requirement of lowland rice production?
Cheap labor
Year-round growing season
Abundant water
Alluvial soil

Answer 5

Abundant water

Question 6

Isolated farmsteads in the United States evolved as a result of all of the following EXCEPT
political stability
colonization by individual pioneer families
agricultural private enterprise
government land policy
physical barriers preventing communal farm practices

Answer 6

physical barriers preventing communal farm practices

Question 7

Which of the following best explains the reasons for the similarities and differences between the two land survey systems shown?
Both systems set specific property boundaries for landholders. However, the metes-and-bounds system is more orderly and efficient
Both systems require geometric calculations to survey property lines. However, the township-and-range system uses simplified calculation to create a more ordered landscape.
Both systems require geometric calculations to survey property lines. However, only properties surveyed with the metes-and-bounds system can be subdivided into smaller plots.
Both systems access the Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) to set property lines. However, GNSS is accurate only for township-and-range systems.
Both systems are used in the United States. However, the township-and-range survey system is used only in the eastern part of the United States.

Answer 7

Both systems require geometric calculations to survey property lines. However, the township-and-range system uses simplified calculation to create a more ordered landscape.

Question 8

Corn (maize) was first domesticated in
Northern Argentina
the Tibetan plateau
the Canadian prairie
Central Mexico

Answer 8

Central Mexico

Question 9

In which of the following areas was wheat most probably domesticated earliest?
Southern Italy
Northern Libya
The plateau of central Mexico
Eastern China
Southeastern Turkey

Answer 9

Southeastern Turkey

Question 10

Which of the following includes the world’s earliest centers of plant domestication?
British Isles, Scandinavia, United States
Northeast Asia, Eastern Europe, South Africa
Australia, New Zealand, China
Southeast Asia, Mesoamerica, Middle East
Russia, China, Latin America

Answer 10

Southeast Asia, Mesoamerica, Middle East

Question 11

According to Carl Sauer, which of the following is true about plant domestication?
It originated in marginal areas with limited food resources.
It first occurred in diversified habitats with a variety of species.
It was developed by farmers who were starving and desperate for food.
It owes its origins to the domestication of animals.
It was at first dependent on irrigation.

Answer 11

It first occurred in diversified habitats with a variety of species.

Question 12

Dramatic increases in global grain production since 1950 have been made possible by
substantial increases in the amount of land under cultivation
global warming
an increase in the urban workforce
an increase in the agricultural workforce
an increase in the use of energy and technology

Answer 12

an increase in the use of energy and technology

Question 13

Green Revolution technology has resulted in which of the following in modern agriculture?
The development of high-yield grains and the expansion of cultivated areas
The construction of new irrigation systems and a reduction in the use of fertilizers
An increase in the circulation of investment capital to help the poorest farmers
The loss of prime agricultural land and smaller yields from grain crops
The end of famine in the world

Answer 13

The development of high-yield grains and the expansion of cultivated areas

Question 14

Which of the following is not subsistence farming?
Intensive without rice
Intensive with wet rice
Pastoral nomadism
Livestock ranching
Shifting cultivation

Answer 14

Livestock ranching

Question 15

Which of the following activities is most likely to be found in the outermost zone of von Thünen’s model of agricultural land use?
Mixed crop farming
Subsistence farming
Specialty farming
Dairying and market gardening
Extensive grain or stock raising

Answer 15

Extensive grain or stock raising

Question 16

In which of the following countries is terracing LEAST likely to be used by farming groups to create additional space and minimize erosion on steep slopes?
Nepal
Peru
Philippines
Niger
Greece

Answer 16

Niger

Question 17

Which of the following environmental problems is most associated with the African Sahel?
Desertification
Deforestation
Air pollution
Flooding
Water pollution

Answer 17

Desertification

Question 18

All of the following statements about the geography of meat production in the United States and Canada are true EXCEPT
Industrial farmers are raising ever-increasing numbers of animals on their farms .
Animal slaughtering and meat-processing activities are dominated by a few large corporations .
The development of the poultry industry has made chicken the least expensive kind of meat consumed in the United States and Canada .
Fast-food restaurants have created a demand for increased standardization and homogeneity of animals raised for meat .
Consumer demand for organic foods has significantly decreased the amount of meat produced by most agribusiness firms.

Answer 18

Consumer demand for organic foods has significantly decreased the amount of meat produced by most agribusiness firms.

Question 19

Why is the traditional classification of agriculture as a primary economic activity a problem when considering the geography of agriculture?
Modern farmers are engaged in production, research, marketing, and some manufacturing of their products.
Agricultural employment is such a small fraction of the labor force in the industrialized countries that agriculture can no longer be thought of as a primary economic activity.
Unlike mining, forestry, and other primary activities, agriculture has not been affected by industrialization.
Traditional patterns of farming are disappearing.
Modern farmers use machinery.

Answer 19

Modern farmers are engaged in production, research, marketing, and some manufacturing of their products.

Question 20

Which of the following agricultural practices has the most significant long-term environmental impact in tropical regions?
Clearing small patches of land to pasture dairy cows, which decreases water pollution from runoff
Building terraces on sloping land to grow rice, which destabilizes hillsides
Burning extensive areas of forested land to create pasture, which decreases biodiversity
Burning small areas of forested land for subsistence farming, which increases biodiversity
Moving livestock to higher pasture areas in the spring, which leads to soil degradation

Answer 20

Burning extensive areas of forested land to create pasture, which decreases biodiversity

Question 21

What does the follow label mean?
The product is genetically modified
The product is genetically modified, but is considered organic
The product was gown conventionally with pesticides, but not genetically modified
The product has not been genetically modified and is considered organic
The product is genetically modified and grown with pesticides and fertilizer

Answer 21

The product was gown conventionally with pesticides, but not genetically modified

Question 22

Women played a crucial role in the domestication of plants because they
were interested in varying the diets of their families
were engaged in collecting plant resource
were agile climbers on the hillsides of the Fertile Crescent
knew how to achieve control over their environment
traveled long distances from their home base

Answer 22

were engaged in collecting plant resource

Question 23

Which of the following best explains why farmers would plant both strawberries and watermelons in the same field?
Limited farmland encourages intensive farming and monocropping to produce high yields.
Unlimited farmland encourages intensive farming with intercropping to produce high yields.
Unlimited farmland encourages extensive farming with intercropping to produce high yields.
Limited farmland encourages extensive farming with monocropping to produce high yields.
Limited farmland encourages intensive farming with intercropping to produce high yields.

Answer 23

Limited farmland encourages intensive farming with intercropping to produce high yields.

Question 24

The shaded areas on the map above most likely indicate regions that are affected or threatened by which of the following?
Depopulation
Deforestation
Desertification
Re-Industrialization
Devolution

Answer 24

Desertification

Question 25

Subsistence agriculture is always characterized by double-cropping of specific grains extensive use of the land production only for family consumption production only for trade irrigation and inorganic fertilization

Answer 25

production only for family consumption

Question 26

Palm oil, an edible vegetable oil used in processing packaged food products, is obtained from the fruit of the oil palm tree, grown only in the tropics. Which of the following explains how global demand for palm oil has proved beneficial and detrimental for countries such as Indonesia and Malaysia? Palm oil exports provided substantial corporate profits, but increased government subsidies to palm oil farmers led to increased poverty in the two countries. Palm oil exports provided substantial corporate profits, but the process led to high rates of unemployment for farmworkers at harvest time. Palm oil exports provided substantial corporate profits, but the growth in the industry resulted in heavy deforestation in both countries. Palm oil exports provided increased income to the governments of Indonesia and Malaysia, but the number of farmers employed on palm oil plantations decreased in the two countries. Palm oil exports aided in increasing the wealth of the two countries but also increased the diversity of plants in the two countries.

Answer 26

Palm oil exports provided substantial corporate profits, but the growth in the industry resulted in heavy deforestation in both countries.

Question 27

Which of the following explains why multiple early hearths of domestication and diffusion of plants and animals arose across the world in Central America, the Fertile Crescent, the Indus River valley, and Southeast Asia? Domestication of plants and animals began in Central America and the process diffused to other areas through the early explorers. Domestication of plants and animals evolved in each hearth independently of one another as societies in each area learned and applied the process to local plants and animals. Domestication of plants and animals began in Southeast Asia and the process diffused to other areas as nomadic warriors conquered other cultural groups and carried the new seeds and animals with them. Domestication of plants and animals began in the Fertile Crescent and the process diffused as pastoral nomads migrated to other areas. Domestication of plants and animals began in the Indus River valley and the process diffused to other areas across trade routes.

Answer 27

Domestication of plants and animals evolved in each hearth independently of one another as societies in each area learned and applied the process to local plants and animals.

Question 28

Which of the following is the most often cited environmental benefit of the eat-local movement? Less fossil fuel is used in transporting food to market. Fewer pesticides are used by farmers. Less topsoil is lost to wind and water erosion. There is less demand for chemical fertilizers. It helps local and regional economies.

Answer 28

Less fossil fuel is used in transporting food to market.

Question 28

Which of the following forms of agriculture would best be described as extensive farming? Citrus production and vineyards to produce table grapes Dairy and poultry farming Truck farming and hothouses to produce vegetables Cattle ranching and wheat farming Floral horticulture and tree nurseries

Answer 28

Cattle ranching and wheat farming

Question 29

Which of the following best explains how the expansion of feedlots for raising cattle has affected environmental sustainability in rural areas? Concentrating large numbers of farm animals in small spaces has decreased the release of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Runoff from animal waste has increased the pollution in local water supplies. Feed grains have eliminated potentially harmful invasive plant species from farmland. Land development has increased the available water supply for other farming practices. Composted manure has introduced valuable nutrients into previously depleted soils.

Answer 29

Runoff from animal waste has increased the pollution in local water supplies.

Question 29

The chickens shown in the image are an example of value-added agriculture used by small family-run farms to compete with large agribusiness poultry and egg farms. Which of the following types of value-added products best describes the kind of agriculture shown in the image? Local-food movement Free-range Nongenetically modified Fair-trade Community-supported

Answer 29

Free-range

Question 30

Genetic engineering of agricultural crops has primarily increased the productivity of modern farming by converting annual plants to perennials, which do not require replanting increasing the size of fruits and grains increasing plants’ drought resistance and resistance to pests cutting the cost of bulk seeds during planting seasons changing vegetable and fruit colors to suit consumer demands

Answer 30

increasing plants’ drought resistance and resistance to pests

Question 31

Which of the following agricultural inputs were the most recent technological innovations employed in less developed countries during the Green Revolution? Metal plows and harvesting equipment Irrigated farm fields Seed hybrids and animal breeds Chemical fertilizers and pesticides Terracing in highland terrain

Answer 31

Chemical fertilizers and pesticides

Question 32

The industrialization and mechanization of agriculture in the United States during the past 70 years have resulted in a decrease in the number of farms and an increase in the size of farms an increase in the number of farms and a decrease in the size of farm fields an increase in the diversity of crops and animals grown on individual farms an increase in the economic viability of small towns in the agricultural regions a decrease in the tonnage of pesticides and herbicides used on cropland

Answer 32

a decrease in the number of farms and an increase in the size of farms

Question 33

During the winter months in North America, the primary source of fruits and vegetables found in grocery stores is Uruguay Chile Nigeria Philippines Italy

Answer 33

Chile

Question 34

The township and range land survey system in the United States contributed to which of the following? A dispersed rural settlement pattern A clustered rural settlement pattern A rural long-lot pattern An urban agglomeration pattern An urban daily system pattern

Answer 34

A dispersed rural settlement pattern

Question 35

According to the von Thünen model, which of the following economic factors determine the pattern of land use shown on the diagram? Accessibility of railroads and highways Costs of labor, transport, and land rent Size and distribution of urban populations Adoption of new farming techniques Type of transportation and land rent

Answer 35

Costs of labor, transport, and land rent

Question 36

Which of the following best describes the roles of women in the rural, agricultural economies of sub-Saharan Africa? Salaried workers in large-scale commercial agriculture Nonwage workers on small, family-run farms Hourly workers in seasonal migratory farm work Landowners of export-oriented farms Drivers and operators of agricultural equipment

Answer 36

Nonwage workers on small, family-run farms

Question 37

Which of the following describes the importance of decomposition of organic matter in the soil formation process? It creates the sand, silt, and clay that make up the type of soil necessary for raising crops. It creates an upper layer of topsoil that carries important nutrients for plant health and growth. It creates pathways that allow air and water to get to the roots to help plants grow. It crates a healthy environment for the survival of earthworms that live in sandy soils. It creates the minerals in volcanic soils of the Andes Mountains for growing maize and yams.

Answer 37

It creates an upper layer of topsoil that carries important nutrients for plant health and growth.

Question 38

Which of the following describes the type of topographic feature best suited for grain agriculture? Small plots of land on southwestern plateaus of North America. Terraced fields in mountainous areas of South Asia Large fields in flat plains of central Europe and North America Hilly regions such as those found in Northern Ireland Hillsides in Southeast Asia.

Answer 38

Large fields in flat plains of central Europe and North America

Question 39

Shifting cultivation generally takes place in which of the following climatic regions? Tropical wet and dry Mediterranean semiarid Humid continental Subtropical humid

Answer 39

Tropical wet and dry

Question 40

Which of the following best explains the historical function of a clustered settlement? Clustered settlements were tightly arranged around manor houses in Europe for the convenience of the serfs who tended the fields and livestock. Clustered settlements were always arranged in circular pattern around agricultural fields and pastures to protect the crops and domesticated livestock from wild animals. Clustered settlements were located on plantations to house the laborers who were hired to harvest the crops. Clustered settlements were constructed on ranches because they were remote, and it was more efficient to build a village on the ranch than to travel many miles for supplies. Clustered settlements were developed in times of insecurity as a form of defense by farmers to protect themselves from roving bands of outlaws and raiders.

Answer 40

Clustered settlements were developed in times of insecurity as a form of defense by farmers to protect themselves from roving bands of outlaws and raiders.

Question 41

Dairy farming in semiarid climatic regions can have which similarity with livestock fattening operations in the same environment? Locations near slaughter houses and meat packing facilities. Locations in hilly areas with fields for pasture. Extensive fields for raising corn and grain crops. Large barns and outbuildings to house the livestock. Feedlots for sheltering and feeding the animals with hay and grain.

Answer 41

Feedlots for sheltering and feeding the animals with hay and grain.

Question 42

The physical geography of an area is important to the metes and bounds survey system because this survey system required a navigable river as a boundary that would give free access to water for irrigation and transportation to every landowner. flood plains on which an orderly linear pattern provided all landowners with the same number of acres and access to groundwater. features of the natural landscape such as rivers, streams, trees, and boulders that could be used to define the property boundary. flat plains over which a grid could be laid over the landscape and then divided into square shaped townships with 6-mile sides. extensive areas of non-forested land so that surveyors could lay out straight lines for roads prior to dividing up the land for agriculture.

Answer 42

features of the natural landscape such as rivers, streams, trees, and boulders that could be used to define the property boundary.

Question 43

Which of the following identifies and explains a type of agricultural settlement that developed in the United States? Clustered settlements in New England because the tradition of clustered settlements was transplanted form England by early colonists. Linear settlements in areas settled by French colonists because their were many navigable rivers that could be used as property boundaries. Dispersed settlements because individual pioneer families preferred a family-owned farm as opposed to the custom of communal ownership Linear settlements in the far West because of the communal force of religion for the Mormon settlers. Dispersed settlements in mountainous regions because the landscape provided farmers with defensive positions to protect the farm from roving bands of outlaws.

Answer 43

Dispersed settlements because individual pioneer families preferred a family-owned farm as opposed to the custom of communal ownership

Question 44

Which of the following are identifying features of the agricultural landscape in the Northern Plains regions of the United States? Tiered and diked fields that are flooded for irrigation Small fields with mixed crops close to urban areas Vast fields and numerous buildings with crops laid out in a linear pattern Farmsteads with a silo for storing feed for livestock Vast fields of wheat interspersed with grain elevators

Answer 44

Vast fields of wheat interspersed with grain elevators

Question 45

Which of the following describes the process of domestication? It is the discovery of edible plants and animals near human settlements. It is a short-term process that led to an increase in the plants and animals in the wild. It is the control of fire and increased production of tools to alter the environment. It is the long-term process through which humans selectively breed and care for wild plants and animals. It is the short term process developed to increase food supplies as a response to hunger and a strong will to survive.

Answer 45

t is the long-term process through which humans selectively breed and care for wild plants and animals.

Question 46

A geographer studying the diffusion of wheat from the Middle East to Europe and then to the Americas is using which of the following scales of analysis? Regional Country Continetal Local Global

Answer 46

global

Question 47

Which of the following describes the importance of the invention of diffusion of the seed drill in the early eighteenth century? It increased a farmer’s grain yields by a multiple of at least 10. It eliminated the need for the farmer to walk behind his horses, which pulled the farm equipment. It added iron to the soil; iron was important to growing strong plants and increasing agricultural productivity. It was instrumental in adding efficiencies and decreasing waste when farmers planted their corps. It increased efficiency by helping farmers prepare large fields for planting grain crops.

Answer 47

It was instrumental in adding efficiencies and decreasing waste when farmers planted their corps.

Question 47

Cattle ranching happens on a relatively large amount of land and with little human labor. Which word best describes this? Intensive subsistence organic extensive GMO

Answer 47

extensive

Question 48

Two unrelated people are trying to decide whether to travel to Houston, Texas, from their homes in Germany for a special vacation package offered on television. One German decides Houston is too far away, while the other decides to purchase the vacation package. This scenario best demonstrates the effects of doubling time concentration cognitive distance expansion diffusion brain drain

Answer 48

cognitive distance

Question 49

Which among the following has the highest-threshold, highest-range central place function? Post office Doughnut shop Movie theatre Neurosurgery complex Department store

Answer 49

Neurosurgery complex

Question 50

All the languages of the Romance branch of the language tree have what unifying trait? They are no longer found near their original hearth They are all now used as lingua francas They are all now extinct languages They are all based on Latin None have any dialect

Answer 50

They are all based on Latin

Question 51

Based on the population pyramid above, which of the following will pose the greatest demographic challenge to China beginning in 2029? Providing for the needs of its aging population Finding enough teachers to educate the young Limiting out-migration of the 60- to 64-year-old age cohort Providing prenatal medical care Controlling population growth

Answer 51

Providing for the needs of its aging population

Question 52

Sri Lanka and Australia have about the same population. What data would help you determine which country has a higher physiological population density? The area of each country The number of farmers in each country The total fertility rate of each country The amount of arid land in each country The amount of arable land in each country

Answer 52

The amount of arable land in each country

Question 53

Which of the following explains why a country with a high physiological density (e.g., Japan, Egypt, or the Netherlands) risks exceeding its carrying capacity? The population is clustered in key areas, so rural populations will not have easy access to public services such as schools and hospitals. The population places a large amount of pressure on the arable land to produce enough food without risking severe environmental degradation The population is evenly dispersed throughout the country, so it is difficult to maintain infrastructure such as roads and telecommunication networks for the entire country. There is a large number of people per unit of total land area, so there is no available land for farmers to raise crops and other food products The amount of farmers per unit of land area in these countries is too low to be able to support their populations.

Answer 53

The population places a large amount of pressure on the arable land to produce enough food without risking severe environmental degradation

Question 54

Based on the map, which of the following can be identified as a true statement about Northern Ireland? It is united with the rest of the island to form a sovereign nation-state. It forms its own sovereign nation-state predominately made up of the Irish ethnic group. It is a frontier that is not formally part of a state, but the United Kingdom claims the area. It is physically separate from the rest of the United Kingdom, a multinational state. It is a stateless nation, as the entire island of Ireland is under the control of the United Kingdom.

Answer 54

It is physically separate from the rest of the United Kingdom, a multinational state.

Question 55

Historically, Iceland had only one period of human migration. The country has never been invaded and possesses a common culture and language. As a result, Iceland is regarded as a good example of which of the following concepts? Absolute monarchy Theocracy Constitutional monarchy Nation-state Exclave

Answer 55

Nation-state

Question 56

Which of the following terms identifies the type of regions shown in the dark gray-shaded areas on the map? Functional regions Urban regions Physical regions Vernacular regions Semiautonomous regions

Answer 56

Semiautonomous regions

Question 57

Based on the information in the map, what is the most likely outcome of the possible establishment of an independent Kurdistan for the Kurdish people? The state of Turkey, seeking to connect areas with a substantial Kurdish population into an independent state, might take action against neighboring states. The Kurdish people, seeking a state of their own with a majority Kurdish population, might secede from or rebel against the states labeled on the map. The Kurdish people would have to migrate into a single country to gain a population majority and would struggle for control of the government. In areas with a Kurdish majority population, Kurdish people are politically active among Turks, Iranians, Iraqis, and Syrians and would be able to win an election on a national vote to secede. The countries shown on the map will cooperate and work together to address the political situation and needs of people in areas with a substantial Kurdish population.

Answer 57

The Kurdish people, seeking a state of their own with a majority Kurdish population, might secede from or rebel against the states labeled on the map.

Question 58

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea sets the limit of the exclusive economic zone at 200 nautical miles from a country’s coastline. In cases where countries are less than 400 nautical miles apart at sea, which of the following explains how the exclusive economic zone boundary is determined for each country? Both countries will state their case to the United Nations during a hearing of the Security Council. Both countries will follow the median-line principle. Both countries will share all of the water area. Neither country can claim the area as an exclusive economic zone because the area is considered international water. Both countries will receive increased territorial sea claims up to 24 nautical miles but will have no exclusive economic zone.

Answer 58

Both countries will follow the median-line principle.