APOBEC BASICS

Question 1

A1 exons

Answer 1

5

Question 2

A2 exons

Answer 2

3

Question 3

A3A exons

Answer 3

5

Question 4

A3B exons

Answer 4

8

Question 5

A3C exons

Answer 5

4

Question 6

A3D exons

Answer 6

7

Question 7

A3F exons

Answer 7

8

Question 8

A3G exons

Answer 8

8

Question 9

A3H exons

Answer 9

5

Question 10

A4 exons

Answer 10

2

Question 11

Which APOBEC(s) can mutate not only ssDNA but also RNA

Answer 11

A1, A3A, and AID

Question 12

What position are A3A-H genes located on?

Answer 12

Chr 22 p13

Question 13

What position is A1 gene located on?

Answer 13

chr 12 p13

Question 14

What position is A2 gene located on?

Answer 14

chr 6

Question 15

What position is A4 gene located on?

Answer 15

chr 1

Question 16

What position is AID gene located on?

Answer 16

Chr 12

Question 17

Where is A1 most known for being expressed?

Answer 17

GI

Question 18

Which APOBEC(s) are best known for being reproduced in the immune centers and
peripheral-blood
cells?

Answer 18

A3C-H

Question 19

Which APOBEC(s) is best known for its contribution to mutating PKC (proto-oncogene) in cancer?

Answer 19

A3B

Question 20

Which APOBEC(s) is best known for its expression in IFNa activated liver cells?

Answer 20

A3B, A3F and A3G

Question 21

What sequence do APOBEC3’s mutate?

Answer 21

5’-TC-3’

Question 22

Which APOBEC3 can mutate another sequence and what is the sequence?

Answer 22

A3G

5’-CC-3’ (preferred to TC)

Question 23

Which APOBEC(s) localize predominantly in the cytoplasm?

Answer 23

A3D, F and G

Question 24

Which APOBEC(s) localize predominantly in the nucleus?

Answer 24

A3B

Question 25

Which APOBEC(s) mutate antibodies?

Answer 25

AID

Question 26

Which APOBEC is thought to be the first APOBEC from which others evolved?

Answer 26

AID

Question 27

What type of organism did APOBEC first evolve from?

Answer 27

Jawless fish

Question 28

What APOBEC proteins do mice have?

Answer 28

AID, A1-4

Question 29

What APOBEC proteins do humans have?

Answer 29

AID, A1, A2, A3A-D, A3F-H, and A4

Question 30

Which sequence does A1 prefer to mutate?

Answer 30

5’-A C(n4-6)UGAUnnGnnnn-3’
(for n, A and U preferred)

Question 31

Which APOBEC is best known for its expression in immune cells?

Answer 31

A3A

Question 31

Atherosclerosis risk increases when apobec___ is (increased/decreased).

Answer 31

Apobec1 decreased

Question 33

What type of enzyme is apobec and what does it use to conduct enzymatic activity?

Answer 33

Hydrolase reaction that uses h2o to add a hydroxide group onto the 4th carbon of the pyrimidine ring via zinc on apobec. NH3 (unstable amine group) leaves and leaves oxygen double-bonded leaving a uridine structure behind.

Question 34

Apobec enzymes target prefer to mutate which dna strand?

Answer 34

Lagging template strand

Question 35

ApobecB general job in the body?

Answer 35

Absorb and transport lipids

Question 36

2 Types of apobec mutations

Answer 36

C to T

C to G

C to A

The Cytosine came before a thymine base

Question 37

Apobec enzymes were first found to function in what?

Answer 37

???

Question 38

Immune functions of apobec

Answer 38

Rna editing to mutate viral components for:
1.mhc1 binding
2.stopping viral spreading
3.mutating hyper variable regions of antibodies

Question 39

Which apobec is most associated with mutations found in cancers?

Answer 39

APOBEC3

Question 40

What is the difference in sequence that A3A prefers versus A3B

Answer 40

A3A prefers pyramiding in -2 position

A3B prefers purine in -2 position

(Both look for C_T…)

Question 41

Unanswered questions of APOBEC enzymes

Answer 41

Which apobec is mutating DNA and or RNA the most?

What causes apobec to aberrantly mutate DNA and RNA in cells rather than viral components or immunological molecules?

Question 42

A3 play an essential role in what?

Answer 42

Retroviral infection

Question 43

Which a3 enzymes can edit rna viruses?

Answer 43

A3a and a3g

Question 44

Which two a3’s have been shown to mutate cellular genome dna?

Answer 44

A3a and A3b