Apparatus

Question 1

What is a burette

Answer 1

Used for accurately measuring the volume of a liquid in cm3 usually during a titration

Question 2

What is a measuring cylinder

Answer 2

Used for measuring the volume of a liquid

Question 3

What is a volumetric pipette

Answer 3

Used to accurately measure out a fixed volume of liquid

Question 4

What is a beaker

Answer 4

Used for containing liquids during a reaction (can also be used to measure the approximate volume of a liquid in cm3 or dm3)

Question 5

What is a conical flask

Answer 5

Used for containing liquids during a reaction, particularly when performing titrations

Question 6

What is a thermometer

Answer 6

Used for measuring tempurature in degrees Celsius

Question 7

What is a weighing balance

Answer 7

used to measure mass in grams (g)
or kilograms (kg)

Question 8

What are four pieces of apparatus for measuring volumes in order of their accuracy

Answer 8

Most accurate to least accurate
Volumetric pipette
Burette
Measuring cylinder
Beaker

Question 9

What type of gas can you collect in an upward displacement of air, downward displacement of air, over water, gas syringe

Answer 9

Upward - Co2, So2, HCl;
Downward - NH3. H2
Overwater - CO2, H2, O2
Gas syringe - any gas

Question 10

What is an independant variable

Answer 10

The only thing that you change as you do the experiment

Question 11

What is a dependant variable

Answer 11

The thing that you measure in an experiment

Question 12

What is a control variable

Answer 12

The thing which must be kept constant to ensure your results are valid

Question 13

define solute

Answer 13

the substance you dissolve in a liquid to make a solution

Question 14

define solvent

Answer 14

the liquid in which a solute is dissolved

Question 15

define saturated solution

Answer 15

a solution in which no more solute can dissolve

Question 16

define precipitate

Answer 16

an insoluble chemical produced in a chemical reaction

Question 17

define pure substance

Answer 17

a material containing only one substance

Question 18

define impurity

Answer 18

an unwanted substance, mixed in with the substance you want

Question 19

How is CO2 prepared and tested for

Answer 19

react with calcium carbonate which dilute hcl

Test is if it turns limewater milky

Question 20

How is Hydrogen prepared and tested for

Answer 20

It is prepared by reacting zinc with dilute hcl

Test is a squeaky pop with a lit splint

Question 21

How is oxygen prepared and tested for

Answer 21

Prepared by mixing hydrogen peroxide with manganese oxide and test is if it relights a glowing splint

Question 22

How is ammonia tested for

Answer 22

turns damp red litmus paper blue

Question 23

How is chlorine tested for

Answer 23

bleaches damp litmus paper

Question 24

How is sulphur dioxide tested for

Answer 24

decolourises filter paper which has been dipped into purple acidified potassium manganate (VII)

Question 25

What are two tests for water

Answer 25

1. )Cobalt chloride paper turns blue to pink when water is added 2. )Anhydrous copper sulfate turns white to blue when water is added

Question 26

how to test for chloride ions

Answer 26

add silver and it will form a white precipitiate

Question 27

how to test for bromide ions

Answer 27

add silver and it will form a cream precipitate

Question 28

how to test for iodide ions

Answer 28

add silver and it will form a yellow precipitate

Question 29

how to test for carbonate ions

Answer 29

add dilute hcl | Carbon dioxide produced (effervescence). CO2 turns limewater cloudy

Question 30

how to test for sulfate ions

Answer 30

add dilute hcl add barium nitrate solution white precipitate of barium sulfate produced

Question 31

how to test for nitrate ions

Answer 31

Add sodium hydroxide solution followed by small pieces of aluminium foil warm gently ammonia gas is given off (this turns damp red litmus paper blue)

Question 32

how to test for sulphite ions

Answer 32

Acidify with dilute hydrochloric acid warm gently sulfur dioxide gas produced

Question 33

What colour is the flame test for lithium ions

Answer 33

red

Question 34

what colour is the flame test for sodium ions

Answer 34

orange/yellow

Question 35

what colour is the flame test for potassium ions

Answer 35

lilac

Question 36

what colour is the flame test for copper (ii) ions

Answer 36

blue/green

Question 37

how to test for copper (ii)

Answer 37

with sodium hydroxide - light blue precipitate, insoluble in excess with ammonia - light blue precipitate, soluble in excess, gives dark blue solution

Question 38

how to test for iron (ii)

Answer 38

sodium hydroxide - green precipitate, insoluble in excess with ammonia - green precipitate, insoluble in excess

Question 39

how to test for iron (iii)

Answer 39

with sodium hydroxide - red-brown precipitate, insoluble in excess with ammonia - red-brown precipitate, insoluble in excess

Question 40

how to test for chromium (iii)

Answer 40

with sodium hydroxide - green precipitate, soluble in excess with ammonia - grey-green precipitate insoluble in excess

Question 41

how to test calcium

Answer 41

with sodium hydroxide - white precipitate, insoluble in excess with ammonia - white precipitate (slight), or nothing at all

Question 42

how to test for zinc

Answer 42

white precipitate, soluble in excess white precipitate, soluble in excess

Question 43

how to test for aluminium

Answer 43

white precipitate, soluble in excess white precipitate, insoluble in excess

Question 44

how to test for ammonium ions

Answer 44

Add sodium hydroxide warm gently positive result - ammonia gas released, which turns damp red litmus paper blue

Question 45

what is filtration used for

Answer 45

separates an insoluble solid for a liquid

Question 46

what is evaporation used for

Answer 46

separates a solute from its solution

Question 47

what is crystallisation used for

Answer 47

separates a solute from its solution, as crystals

Question 48

what is distillation used for

Answer 48

separates a solvent from a solution

Question 49

what is fractional distillation used for

Answer 49

separates liquids with different boiling points from each other

Question 50

what is chromotography

Answer 50

separates compounds which can be identified based on their rf values