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Advanced Ocular Disease > Appendage Growths and Vascular Growths > Flashcards

Appendage Growths and Vascular Growths Flashcards

1
Q

Tell me everything you know about Sebaceous Gland Hyperplasia

A
  1. Flesh colored
  2. Very common
  3. May mimick BCC
  4. Associated with Muir-Torre Syndrome
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2
Q

What are possible treatment options for Multiple Eccrine Hydrocystomas

A
  1. 1% Atropine Cream
  2. CO2 pulsed dye laser
  3. Botox
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3
Q

Where are Apocrine Hydrocystomas typically located?

A

Inner and outer canthi

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4
Q

What is the most common eyelid tumor arising from the appendages?

A

Eccrine Syringomas

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5
Q

Where do Eccrine Syringomas originate from? Who is most likely to have these lesions? What do they look like?

A

Epidermal eccrine sweat glands
Young women
Grains of yellow/flesh colored rice buried around the eyelids (most commonly the lower lid)

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6
Q

Who is most likely to have Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma? Where is this lesion found? What do they look like?

A

Old Asian Females
Upper lid
Rubbery, tough, lipidized nodules
Nodular. Yellow. Firm to touch. Non-ulcerated

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7
Q

What lesion might mimic a recurrent chalazion or internal hordeolum?

A

Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma

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8
Q

Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma arising from the ______ gland indicates the best prognosis.

A

Zeiss Gland

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9
Q

What causes sebaceous cell carcinoma? How serious is it? Risk factors? How is it treated?

A

Idiopathic
20% - 30% chance of metastasis
Older asian females
Treat with MOHs or orbital exenteration (if super fucked up)

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10
Q

What are the three types of capillary hemangioma?

A

Placoid
Nodular
Cherry hemangioma

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11
Q

What is nevus flammeous? What condition is it associated with?

A

Port-wine stain associated with Sturge-Weber

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12
Q

What are ways to treat capillary hemangioma? Where are they usually found?

A

Steroid injections
Propanolol
Capillary hamangioma is most commonly found on upper eyelid

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13
Q

What lesion has a “superficial crepe paper” appearance?

A

Placoid Capillary Hemangioma

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14
Q

What type of capillary hemangioma is associated with older age?

A

Cherry hemangioma

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15
Q

What are some differences between capillary hemangiomas and cavernous hemangiomas? (5)

A

Cavernous hemangiomas are:

  1. More difficult to remove surgically
  2. Begin later in life
  3. Deeper violet / blue color
  4. Form deeper in tissue
  5. Do no spontaneously regress
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16
Q

Why does a port-wine stain develop? What conditions is this associated with? How is it treated?

A
  1. Abnormal dilated of already existing blood vessels
  2. Associated with unilateral glaucoma and Sturge-Weber Syndrome
  3. Yellow Pulsed Dye Laser treatment early in life
17
Q

What is Sturge-Weber Syndrome?

A

Port-wine stain birthmark with ipsilateral brain malformation

18
Q

What is the difference between arterio-venous malformations and venous malformations?

A

Venous malformations consist of abnormal veins fed by normal capillaries. Characterized by deep purple hue

19
Q

What are lymphangiomas? How serious are they? How are they treated?

A

Benign lesions that are treated with extensive, complicated surgery and occasionally respond to steroids.

20
Q

Why do pyogenic granulomas form?

A

Aberrant wound healing in response to trauma, surgery, or inflammation. Neovascular component that are most often seen on the conjunctiva

21
Q

What populations are most susceptible to developing Kaposi’s Sarcoma?

A

Mediterranean
Jewish
AIDS

22
Q

How is Kaposi’s Sarcoma treated?

A

Typically with HAART therapy if due to AIDS or radiation/cryotherapy, retinoid cream, chemotherapy injection

23
Q

What are characteristics of epidermal and dermal cysts?

A
  1. Solid
  2. Cheesy contents
  3. Inflammation
  4. No keratosis
24
Q

How are epidermal inclusion cysts surgically removed? (or any cyst really)

A

Marsupalization

The cysts is removed within its fibrous capsule so that there are no residual epithelial cell to grow back

25
Q

What is milia?

A

Small Epidermal Inclusion Cyst

Solid, grainy, removed by surgical excision

26
Q

Milia are long lived stable lesions that may mimc what lesions?

A

Syringoma

27
Q

Where is the lesion found if it is a true Zies Cyst?

A

Eyelid margin

28
Q

What type of cysts are choristomatous growths that are derived from epithelial and subepithelial tissue elements?

A

Dermoid and epidermoid cysts

29
Q

What is the difference between an Amyloid, Xanthelasma, and Lipoid Proteinosis deposit?

A

Amyloid - protein collecting in tissue. Proteins are sharp and nick blood vessels resulting in bleeding
Xanthelasma - Abnormal breakdown of cholesterol often reflective of hyperlipidemia
Lipoid Porteinosis - Hyalinized lipid material that occurs along lid margin. Often accompanied by a raspy voice

Advanced Ocular Disease (8 decks)

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