Appendicular Skeleton

Question 1

What is the appendicular skeleton composed of?

Answer 1

The bones of the limbs, including the pelvis

Question 2

What is the most proximal bone of the forelimb in dogs and cats?

Answer 2

Scapula

Question 3

What is the central ridge of the scapula called?

Answer 3

Spine of the scapula

Question 4

What prominence is found at the distal end of the scapular spine?

Answer 4

Acromion

Question 5

What bone forms the upper forelimb?

Answer 5

Humerus

Question 6

What is the lateral prominence on the proximal end of the humerus called?

Answer 6

Greater tubercle

Question 7

What two parallel long bones compose the lower forelimb?

Answer 7

Radius and ulna

Question 8

Where does the radius lie in relation to the ulna?

Answer 8

Cranial surface proximally and medial surface distally

Question 9

Where does the ulna lie in relation to the radius?

Answer 9

Caudal surface proximally and lateral surface distally

Question 10

What is the large, distinctive prominence on the ulna called?

Answer 10

Olecranon

Question 11

What forms the elbow joint between the humerus and ulna?

Answer 11

Trochlear notch

Question 12

What are the two prominent processes found on the ulna?

Answer 12

• Anconeal process * Coronoid process

Question 13

What forms the carpal joint beneath the radius and ulna?

Answer 13

A collection of small carpal bones

Question 14

What is the name of the carpal bone that protrudes from the palmar-lateral surface?

Answer 14

Accessory carpal bone

Question 15

What bones sit below the carpal bones?

Answer 15

Metacarpals

Question 16

How many phalanges are there in each digit?

Answer 16

3 (proximal, middle, and distal)

Question 17

What joint connects the hindlimb to the spine?

Answer 17

Sacroiliac joint

Question 18

What are the three bones that form the pelvis?

Answer 18

• Ilium * Ischium * Pubis

Question 19

What is the name of the cartilaginous joint that fuses the two halves of the pelvis?

Answer 19

Pelvic symphysis

Question 20

What is the lateral socket forming the hip joint called?

Answer 20

Acetabulum

Question 21

What is the obturator foramen?

Answer 21

A large hole in the pelvis that allows important vessels and nerves to enter the hindlimb

The obturator foramen is a significant anatomical feature of the pelvis.

Question 22

What forms the thigh of the hind limb?

Answer 22

The femur

The femur is the longest bone in the hind limb and is crucial for movement.

Question 23

What is the greater trochanter?

Answer 23

A prominence located laterally to the head of the femur

It serves as a muscle attachment site.

Question 24

What sesamoid bones are found near the distal end of the femur?

Answer 24

The patella and the fabellae

The patella is located on the cranial surface, while the fabellae are on the caudal surface.

Question 25

What bones form the lower hindlimb?

Answer 25

The tibia and fibula ## Footnote These bones support movement and weight distribution in the hind limb.

Question 26

Where is the fibula located?

Answer 26

On the caudal and lateral surfaces of the lower hindlimb ## Footnote The fibula is smaller compared to the tibia.

Question 27

What is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower hindlimb?

Answer 27

The tibia ## Footnote The tibia is larger than the fibula and supports most of the body's weight.

Question 28

What is the tibial crest or tibial tuberosity?

Answer 28

A large crest found on the cranial surface of the proximal tibia ## Footnote It serves as an attachment point for muscles.

Question 29

What is the composition of the hock joint?

Answer 29

A collection of small bones called the tarsal bones ## Footnote The tarsal bones facilitate movement in the hind limb.

Question 30

True or False: A dew claw is present in the hindlimb.

Answer 30

False ## Footnote Dew claws are typically absent in the hindlimb of most species.