Appendicular Skeleton

Question 1

Tendons

Answer 1

“Ties” muscle to bone

Question 2

Ligaments

Answer 2

“Links” bone to bone or tissue to tissue

Question 3

Brachium

Answer 3

Upper arm

Question 4

Antebrachium

Answer 4

Lower arm/forearm

Question 5

Scapula

Answer 5

Articulates with the head of the humerus

Question 6

Scapulohumoral joint

Answer 6

“Shoulder joint”

Head of humerus into the glenoid cavity

Synovial joint

Diarthroses or freely movable

Question 7

Humerus

Answer 7

Made up of the:
Greater tubercle
Head of the humerus
Lesser tubercle
Distal tuberosity
Olecranon fossa

The distal end of the humerus is articulates with the radius and ulna closely

Question 8

Humerus

Greater tubercle of the humerus

Answer 8

On the lateral end of the humerus

Question 9

Humerus

Head of the humerus

Answer 9

Always faces caudally

Question 10

Lesser tubercle of the humerus

Answer 10

On the medial side

Question 11

Supratrochlear foramen

Answer 11

Foramina located in the olecranon fossa

Some dogs may have it

Question 12

Supracondylar foramen

Answer 12

Located on the medial side of the humerus

Medial nerves and brachial vessels pass through

Only in felines

Question 13

Elbow joint

Answer 13

Formed by the humerus and the radius/ulna

The anconeal process of the ulna inserts itself into the olecranon fossa and supratrochlear foramen

Cartilaginous joint, hinge joint

Extension and flexion, amphiarthroses

Question 14

Radius and ulna

Proximal ends

Answer 14

Th radius is always in the lateral side of the arm

The ulna is on the medial side

Question 15

Radius and ulna

The distal end

Answer 15

The radius is in the medial end

The ulna is on the lateral end

Question 16

Radius

Answer 16

The forearm’s main weight bearing bone

Does not form any part of the elbow except for the joint

Question 17

Ulna

Answer 17

Forms the olecranon process or the elbow projection

The main bone of the forearm involved with elbow movement

Question 18

Carpus

Answer 18

Dogs and cats have 7

Two rows of bones

Question 19

Accessory carpal bone

Answer 19

Dogs and cats

Protruding carpal bone on the caudal end

Question 20

Metacarpus and metatarsals

Answer 20

Each toe is a digit

Each digit is accompanied by a metacarpal bone

There are three phalanges in each digit

The first digit is the dewclaw

Question 21

Phalanges

Answer 21

Three:
Proximal phalanx
Middle or intermediate phalanx
Distal phalanx

Question 22

Dewclaw

Answer 22

First digit

Only has two phalanges, the middle phalanx is absent

14 phalanges in each limb

Question 23

Pelvis

Answer 23

3 major parts:

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

When palpating a hip the two points that can be felt are the wing of the ilium (dorsal) and the greater trochanter of the femur (ventrolateral)

Question 24

Pelvic symphysis

Answer 24

Joins the pubis

Partially moveable

Cartilaginous joint

Amphiarthroses

Question 25

Obturator foramen

Answer 25

2 large foramen between the pubis and the ischium Reduce weight on the pelvis A passage for vessels and nerves

Question 26

Hip joint

Answer 26

Acetabulofemoral joint or the coxofemoral joint Formed by the femoral head and the acetabulum of the pelvis Ball and socket joint, allows for all six types of movement, synovial joint Diarthroses

Question 27

Femur

Answer 27

Greater trochanter Lesser trochanter Femoral head Condyles Distal part is part of the stifle joint

Question 28

Greater trochanter of the femur

Answer 28

Always on the lateral side

Question 29

Lesser trochanter of the femur

Answer 29

Always on the medial side

Question 30

Femoral head

Answer 30

Always faces medial

Question 31

Femoral condyles

Answer 31

Always on the caudal side

Question 32

Stifle joint

Answer 32

Synovial joint Diarthroses or freely moveable Includes the following: Distal end of the femur, patella, proximal end of the tibia Ligaments prevent overextending, torquing and shunting Meniscus acts as a shock absorber between the tibia and femur

Question 33

Sesamoids of the stifle

Answer 33

Patella: largest sesamoid bone Located in the cranial portion of the distal femur Fabella located in the caudal end of the distal femur

Question 34

Tibia

Answer 34

Always on the medial side Aka “shinbone” Main weight-bearing bone of the hindlimb Connects with the femur

Question 35

Fibula

Answer 35

Always on the lateral side Serves as a site for muscle attachment

Question 36

Malleolus

Answer 36

Formed from the distal ends of the tibia/fibula “Knobs” of the ankle

Question 37

Medial malleolus

Answer 37

found on tibia

Question 38

Lateral malleolus

Answer 38

found on the fibula

Question 39

Hock joint

Answer 39

Includes the distal tibia, distal fibula and tarsus Gliding joint Movement: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction

Question 40

Tarsus

Answer 40

Includes two bones: the calcaneus and the talus Rest of tarsal bones have numerical identification Composed of rows of short bones

Question 41

Calcaneus

Answer 41

Bone that forms the heel Found on the lateral end of the hind limb

Question 43

Talus

Answer 43

Large bone that articulates with the tibia bone

Question 43

Metatarsus and phalanges

Answer 43

Practically identical to the forelimb Most animals only have four digits on their hind limbs

Question 45

Visceral joints Os cordials

Answer 45

Bone found in the heart of sheep and cattle that supports the heart valves

Question 45

Visceral joints Os penis

Answer 45

Penile bone found in dogs, beavers, and raccoons

Question 46

Viseral joints Os rostri

Answer 46

Nasal bone found in pigs that strengthens the snout for rooting purposes