Cardiovascular System-Lab

Question 1

4 layers of the heart

Answer 1

Pericardium
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

Question 2

Pericardium

Answer 2

Fibrous pericardium
Parietal pericardium
Visceral pericardium

Question 3

Visceral pericardium

Answer 3

Epicardium

Question 4

Chambers of the heart

Answer 4

Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle

Question 5

Interatrial septum

Answer 5

Separate the left and right atrium

Question 6

Interventricular septum

Answer 6

Separates the left and right ventricle

Question 7

Atrioventricular valves

Answer 7

Separate the atria and the ventricles internally
Tricuspid and Bicuspid valves
Lie along the dorsal plane, one on each side

Question 8

Coronary sulcus

Answer 8

Separate the atria and ventricles externally
Groove provides a visual of where the division would be
Area where the majority of the coronary vessels travel

Question 9

Valves of the heart

Answer 9

Tricuspid
Mitral Valve (bicuspid)
Pulmonary valve
Aortic valve

Question 10

Semilunar valves

Answer 10

Sit along the median plane
Pulmonary valve
Aortic valve
The pulmonary valve sits ventral (or anterior) to the aortic valve

Question 11

Chordae tendineae

Answer 11

Helps control the atrioventricular valves

Question 12

Major Blood vessels of the heart

Answer 12

Vena Cava (cranial and caudal)
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Aorta

Question 13

Apex of the heart

Answer 13

Formed by the left ventricle

Question 14

Auricles

Answer 14

Each atrium has a corresponding auricle
An ear-shaped structure attached to the external wall of the atria
Serves as a reservoir for blood
The right auricle is larger than the left

Question 15

The orientation of the heart

Answer 15

The apex of the heart always faces left
The right auricle is larger than the left
The pulmonary artery and aorta sits on the ventral of the cranial heart
The left ventricle wall is thicker than the right

Question 16

Carotid artery

Answer 16

Counterpart is the Jugular vein

Supplies blood to the head and neck

Question 17

Aorta

Answer 17

Counterpart is the vena cava
supplies blood to the rest of the body
Canine and feline only has two vessels branching off

Question 18

The aortic arch contains 2 major branches

Answer 18

Brachiocephalic artery

Left Subclavian artery

Question 19

Subclavian arteries

Answer 19

Supply blood to the upper limbs and head and neck

Right subclavian reaches the axillary region it becomes the right axillary artery

Question 20

Axillary arteries

Answer 20

Supply blood to the upper limbs

Question 21

Coronary arteries

Answer 21

Supply blood to the heart

Arises from the aorta

Question 22

Pulmonary artery

Answer 22

Brings blood to the lungs for oxygenation

Question 23

Brachiocephalic artery

Answer 23

Supplies blood to the right upper limb and the head and neck
will split off into the left and right carotid arteries
After the right carotid artery, it will become the right subclavian artery

Question 24

Left subclavian artery

Answer 24

only supplies blood to the left forelimb

Question 25

In order of blood flow:

Answer 25

Ascending aorta Brachiocephalic artery Left subclavian artery Descending aorta ABCD

Question 26

Order of vessels from nearest to the heart to farthest

Answer 26

Brachiocephalic Subclavian Axillary

Question 27

Vena cava

Answer 27

Returns blood from the rest of the body Two sections: cranial and caudal Cut off of when to call the vena cava cranial or caudal is in the heart itself

Question 28

Jugular veins

Answer 28

Returns blood from the head and neck to the cranial vena cava Largest vein that is readily available for venipuncture

Question 29

Subclavian vein

Answer 29

Returns blood from the upper limbs and head and neck

Question 30

Axillary vein

Answer 30

Returns blood from the upper limbs

Question 31

Coronary vein

Answer 31

Returns blood from the heart | Empties into the right atrium

Question 32

Pulmonary vein

Answer 32

returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

Question 33

Brachiocephalic vein

Answer 33

returns blood from the upper limbs and head and neck

Question 34

Cephalic vein

Answer 34

Returns blood from the distal forelimbs Found traveling up the cranial surface of the forelimbs The most common location for an IV catheter

Question 35

Femoral medial vein

Answer 35

returns blood from the lower limbs | Can be found on the medial surface of the proximal hindlimb

Question 36

Saphenous vein (lateral)

Answer 36

Returns blood from the distal lower limbs Branches off of the femoral vein and twists around the distal hindlimb, forming both a medial and lateral branch Runs from distal to proximal, cranial to caudal along the lateral surface

Question 37

Electrical Components: Sinoatrial node

Answer 37

Right atrium

Question 38

Electrical Components: Atrioventricular node

Answer 38

Interatrial septum

Question 39

Electrical Components: Bundle of His

Answer 39

Interventricular septum

Question 40

Electrical Components: Purkinje fibers

Answer 40

ventricle walls-lateral