Appendicular Skeleton (Lower Extremity)

Question 1

What is the function of the pelvic girdle?

Answer 1

Support vertebral column
Facilitate movement by lower limbs
Support and protect abdomen

Question 2

What is the Coxa made of?

Answer 2

Ilium, pubis, and ischium

Question 3

Bone Marrow Biopsy

Answer 3

Diagnostic method of extracting a piece of body, usually from the Iliac Crest because of the superficial bone

Question 4

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

Answer 4

ASIS

Question 5

Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine

Answer 5

AIIS

Question 6

Sacrum

Answer 6

5 fused vertebrae, KNOW 5

Question 7

Coccyx

Answer 7

4 fused vertebrae, KNOW 4

Question 8

Anterior Sacroiliac Ligaments

Answer 8

Covers border between ilium and sacrum

Question 9

Posterior Sacroiliac ligaments

Answer 9

Secures sacrum to ilium

Question 10

Sacrotuberous Ligament

Answer 10

Sacrum to ischial tuberoisity

Question 11

Sacrospinous Ligament

Answer 11

Sacrum to ischial spine

Question 12

What do the sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments help complete?

Answer 12

The greater and lesser sciatic foramens

Question 13

What is the function of the Sacroiliac Joints

Answer 13

Shock absorption

Question 14

What are the dysfunctions of the SI Joints

Answer 14

Hyper and hypomobility

Question 15

Anterior Sacroiliac Joint

Answer 15

Synovial, diarthrosis

Question 16

Posterior Sacroiliac Joint

Answer 16

Fibrous, Amphiarthrosis

Question 17

Net result of SI Joint

Answer 17

Stability

Question 18

Inguinal Ligament

Answer 18

ASIS to Pubic Tuebrcle

Question 19

Inguinal Hernia

Answer 19

Injury of inguinal ligament, 10x more likely in males because testicles pass through the inguinal canal and weakens it

Question 20

Superior Interpubic Ligament

Answer 20

Top between pubic symphysis

Question 21

Inferior Interpubic Ligament

Answer 21

Inferior between pubic symphysis

Question 22

How to identify sex of skeletal remains

Answer 22

Through Pelvis
Pubic Arch of Males: Sharper, TRIANGLE
Pubic Arch of Females: Curved, rounded
Pelvic Inlet/Outlet of Males: Thinner
Pelvic Inlet/Outlet of Females: Wider

Question 23

Misc. Fact about the Femur

Answer 23

Longest and heaviest bone in the body

Question 24

Function of the hip joint

Answer 24

Trades ROM for stability

Question 25

What does the hip joint lack compared to the shoulder

Answer 25

ROM

Question 26

Acetabular Labrum

Answer 26

Fibrocartilage, increases surface area with head of femur

Question 27

What is the function of the Transverse Acetabular Ligament

Answer 27

Creates "shelf", completes acetabulum and creates acetabular foramen

Question 28

Ligamentum Terus

Answer 28

Fovea of femur to acetabulum

Question 29

Articular Capsule

Answer 29

Relevant in hip and shoulder due to mobility of ball and socket. COvers entire neck of femur

Question 30

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament

Answer 30

STRONGEST ligament of the hip, resists hyperextension

Question 31

What is the function of the Pubofemoral ligament

Answer 31

Resists hyperextension

Question 32

What is the function of the Ischiofemoral Ligament

Answer 32

Resists hyperextension

Question 33

What is the function of the Linea Aspera

Answer 33

"Rudder" for muscles

Question 34

Function of popliteal groove

Answer 34

Holds tendon of popliteus muscle

Question 35

Function of the tibia

Answer 35

Weight bearing, THE weight bearing bone

Question 36

Misc. Fact about Fibula

Answer 36

Head not part of knee joint

Question 37

Knee joint

Answer 37

Between femur and tibia

Question 38

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

Answer 38

Common injury site, resists anterior displacement of tibia, adds rotary stability

Question 39

Non contact ACL Tear

Answer 39

COmmon injury

Question 40

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

Answer 40

Resists posterior displacement of tibia, hyperextension, adds rotary stability

Question 41

Medial COLLATERAL Ligament (MCL)

Answer 41

Resists abduction of lower leg relative to femur and contains deep component attaching to Medial Meniscus

Question 42

Lateral COLLATERAL ligament (LCL)

Answer 42

Attaches from Femur, to fibula | Resists adduction of lower leg relative to femur

Question 43

Mensici

Answer 43

Attached to tibia, 2 in each leg, Increases surface area of tibia

Question 44

Torn Minsicus

Answer 44

COmmon injury, treatment is to cut it out not replace or repair

Question 45

What causes a torn meniscus

Answer 45

Mensicus largeley avascular (lacks blood) in adults except for lateral edges, which inhibits healing

Question 46

Transverse Genicular Ligament

Answer 46

Lateral and medial mensici, questionable function. (Genicular=Knee)

Question 47

Arcuate Popliteal Ligaments

Answer 47

Reinforces knee posterolaterally, next to LCL

Question 48

Patella

Answer 48

Increases lever arm of quadriceps for knee extension, SESAMOID bone

Question 49

Sesamoid Bone

Answer 49

Independent bone developed within tendon

Question 50

Patellar Tendon

Answer 50

LIGAMENT connects patella and tibia and assists in knee extension along with quadriceps tendon

Question 51

Q ANgle

Answer 51

Angle between quadriceps tendon and patella tendon

Question 52

Why do women have higher Q Angle

Answer 52

Because women more diagonol, Women increased ACL tear risk by 8-9x

Question 53

Proximal TIbiofibular Joint

Answer 53

Synovial, planar

Question 54

Interroseus Membrane of the tibia/fibula

Answer 54

Stabilizes tibiofibular Joints and provides site for msucle attachment

Question 55

anterior Distal TIbiofibular Ligament

Answer 55

Stabilizes distal tibiofibular joint

Question 56

Posterior distal tibiofibular Ligament

Answer 56

Stabilizes distal tibiofibular joint

Question 57

High Ankle Sprain

Answer 57

AKA Syndesmotic sprain, sprain of interroseus ligament and anterior tibiofibular ligament

Question 58

Talocrural Joint

Answer 58

Tibia and talus and fibula and talus | Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion

Question 59

Subtalar Joint

Answer 59

Between talus and calcaneus | Inversion/Eversion only

Question 60

What is the ankle joint

Answer 60

The talocrural Joint

Question 61

What is the intertarsal joint

Answer 61

Subtalar Joint

Question 62

What is the intertarsal Joint we should know

Answer 62

Subtalar

Question 63

anterior tibiotalar ligaments

Answer 63

Medial Malleolus of tibia to (tarsals) talus

Question 64

Tibionavicular

Answer 64

T

Question 65

Calcaneofibular

Answer 65

Lateral malleolus of fibula to calcaneus

Question 66

What is most likely damaged in a common ankle sprain

Answer 66

ANterior talofibular ligament, most likely through inversion

Question 67

Metatarsals

Answer 67

Medial->Lateral

Question 68

Metarsal-tarsal joints

Answer 68

AKA Lisfranc Joints

Question 69

Lisfranc joints of the MT1

Answer 69

Cuneiform 1

Question 70

Lisfranc Joint of the MT5

Answer 70

Cuboid

Question 71

What is a Lisfranc Injury?

Answer 71

Displacement of medial metatarsal-tarsal joints

Question 72

lisfrance ligament

Answer 72

Medial cuneiform to 2nd metatarsal

Question 73

Intermetatarsal Joints

Answer 73

MT 2-5 articulate with eahcother along bases

Question 74

Phalanges

Answer 74

Same as hand

Question 75

Hallux

Answer 75

BIG TOE

Question 76

Short Planar Ligament

Answer 76

Calcaneuous to cuboid and MT 2-5

Question 77

Spring Ligament

Answer 77

AKA Plantar calcaneonavicular

Question 78

Plantar Fascia

Answer 78

Classified as APONEUROSIS, calcaneus to phalanges

Question 79

3 Arches in foot

Answer 79

Transverse, medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal

Question 80

Hallucal Sesamoid Bones

Answer 80

Sesamoid bones develop within tendons, under prrssure

Question 81

What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body?

Answer 81

The patella