Joint Classification (lecture)

Question 1

What are the two ways joints can be classified by?

Answer 1

Functional and structural

Question 2

What is the definition of functional classification of a joint?

Answer 2

Degree of Mobility

Question 3

What is the definition of structural classification of a joint?

Answer 3

Type of connective tissue

Question 4

What are the types of Functional classifications of Joints?

Answer 4

• Synarthrosis
• Amphiarthrosis
• Diarthrosis

Question 5

Synarthrosis

Answer 5

Don’t move

Question 6

Amphiarthrosis

Answer 6

Slightly moveable

Question 7

Diarthrosis

Answer 7

Freely moveable

Question 8

What are the types of structural classifications of joints?

Answer 8

• Synovial
• Fibrous Joints
• Cartilaginous Joints

Question 9

Synovial Joints

Answer 9

Ex: Interphalangeal Joint
-Space between bones
-Space encapsulated
-Space filled with fluid
-Surfaces covered in cartilage
-Stabilized by ligaments 
Functional Classification: Diarthrosis

Question 10

What are the three types of fibrous joints?

Answer 10

Suture, gomphosis, syndesmosis

Question 11

Suture

Answer 11

Ex: Sutures between cranial bones

Functional Classification: Synarthrosis

Question 12

Gomphosis

Answer 12

Ex: Gomphosis of teeth

Functional Classification: Synarthrosis

Question 13

Syndesmosis

Answer 13

Ex: Distal tibiofibular syndesmotic joint

Functional Classification: Amphiarthrosis

Question 14

What are the two types of Cartilaginous joints?

Answer 14

Synchondrosis and Symphysis

Question 15

Synchondrosis

Answer 15

Ex: Epiphyseal growth plates

Functional Classification: Synarthrosis

Question 16

Symphysis

Answer 16

Ex: Pubis Symphysis; intervertebral discs

Functional Classification: Amphiarthrosis

Question 17

Hinge Joint

Answer 17

Synovial joint with 1 axis of rotation
Ex: Elbow
Functional Classification: Diarthrosis

Question 18

Pivot Joint

Answer 18

Synovial joint with 1 axis of rotation
Ex: Proximal radioulnar joint
Functional Classification: Diarthrosis

Question 19

Condyloid Joint

Answer 19

Synovial joint with 2 axes of rotation
Ex: Wrist
Functional Classification: Diarthrosis

Question 20

Saddle Joint

Answer 20

Synovial joint with 2 axes of rotation
Ex: Thumb
Functional Classification: Diarthrosis

Question 21

Ball and Socket

Answer 21

Synovial Joint with 3 axes of rotation (Can rotate around its axis)
Ex: Shoulder and hip
Functional Classification: Diarthrosis

Question 22

Planar (Gliding) Joint

Answer 22

Synovial joint with 2 axes of rotation
Ex: Carpal bones, posterior part of the foot
Functional Classification: Diarthrosis

Question 23

Flexion (Synovial Joint Movement)

Answer 23

Angle between bones decrease

Plane: Sagittal

Question 24

Extension (Synovial Joint Movement)

Answer 24

Angle Between bones increase

Plane: Sagittal

Question 25

Adduction (Synovial Joint Movement)

Answer 25

Angle between body and bone decreases | Plane: Frontal

Question 26

Abduction (Synovial Joint Movement)

Answer 26

Angle between body and bone increases | Plane: Frontal

Question 27

Medial/Internal Rotation (Synovial Joint Movement)

Answer 27

Moves around axis toward midline | Axis: Longitudinal

Question 28

Lateral/External Rotation (Synovial Joint Movement)

Answer 28

Moves around axis away from midline | Axis: Longitudinal

Question 29

Gliding (Synovial Joint Movement)

Answer 29

Side to side or back and forth; little movement between bones Plane: Single

Question 30

Circumduction(Synovial Joint Movement)

Answer 30

Combination of flexion/extension and abduction/adduction; not rotation Plane: Dual

Question 31

Hyperextension "special"(Synovial Joint Movement)

Answer 31

Extension beyond anatomical position | Plane: Sagittal

Question 32

Plantarflexion (Synovial Joint Movement)

Answer 32

Extension of foot at ankle | Plane: Sagittal

Question 33

Dorsiflexion (Synovial Joint Movement)

Answer 33

Flexion of foot at ankle | Plane: Sagittal

Question 34

Inversion (Synovial Joint Movement)

Answer 34

Soles of foot move inward (toward midline) | Plane: Frontal

Question 35

Eversion (Synovial Joint Movement)

Answer 35

Soles of foot move outward | Plane: Frontal

Question 36

Pronation (Synovial Joint Movement)

Answer 36

Internal rotation of forearm | Axis: Longitudinal

Question 37

Supination (Synovial Joint Movement)

Answer 37

External rotation of forearm | Axis: Longitudinal

Question 38

Elevation (Synovial Joint Movement)

Answer 38

Moving superiorly | Planes: Sagittal/Frontal

Question 39

Depression (Synovial Joint Movement)

Answer 39

Moving inferiorly | Planes: Sagittal/Frontal

Question 40

Protraction (Synovial Joint Movement)

Answer 40

Moving anteriorly

Question 41

Retraction (Synovial Joint Movement)

Answer 41

Moving posteriorly

Question 42

Opposition (Synovial Joint Movement)

Answer 42

Thumb and forefinger together

Question 43

Reposition (Synovial Joint Movement)

Answer 43

Back to anatomical position