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BMS 598 Synaptic Organization of the Brain > Appendix > Flashcards

Appendix Flashcards

1
Q

What does Rostral mean?

A

-Anterior/ in front of

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2
Q

What does Caudal mean?

A

-Posterior/behind

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3
Q

Dorsal vs ventral

A

-Dorsal is behind, ventral is the belly.

KEEP IN MIND THE AXIS

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4
Q

lpsilateral

A

-means same side

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5
Q

contralateral

A

-means against or across

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6
Q

Telencephalon includes?

A
  • Part of the forebrain (Prosencephalon)
  • Cerebral cortex
  • Cerebral nuceli (basal ganglia, amygdala, base forebrain
  • associated with lateral ventricles
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7
Q

Diencephalon includes?

A
  • Part of Forebrain (Prosencephalon)
  • thalamus
  • Hypothalamus
  • retina
  • associated with third ventricle
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8
Q

Mesencephalon includes?

A
  • Is the midbrain
  • Superior and inferior colliculi
  • Red nucleus
  • Substantia nigra
  • associated with cerebral aqueduct
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9
Q

Metencephalon includes?

A
  • Part of the hindbrain (Rhombencephalon)
  • cerebellum
  • pons
  • associated with fourth ventricle
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10
Q

Myelencephalon includes?

A
  • Part of the hindbrain (Rhombencephalon)
  • Medulla oblongata
  • associated with fourth ventricle
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11
Q

Division of the Dorsal horn contains?

A
  • I Marginal zone
  • II Substantia gelatinosa
  • III/IV Nucleus proprius
  • V/VI Base of dorsal horn
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12
Q

Division of the Intermediate zone (lateral horn) contains?

A

-VII intermediate gray

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13
Q

Division of Ventral horn contains?

A
  • VIII Motor interneurons

- IX motor neuron columns

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14
Q

Division of the Central zone contains?

A

-X Central gray

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15
Q

Marginal zone significance

A

-Projection neurons that receive input from small-diameter afferents; one source of anterolateral system projections

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16
Q

Substantia gelatinosa significance

A

-Interneurons that receive input mainly from small-diameter afferents; integrates feedforward and feedback (descending) inputs modulate pain transmission

17
Q

Nucleus proprius significance

A

-interneurons that integrate inputs from small- and large-diameter afferents

18
Q

Base of dorsal horn significance

A

-Projection neurons that receive input from both large-and small-diameter afferents and spinal interneurons; another source of anterolateral system projections

19
Q

Intermediate gray significance

A

-Mainly interneurons that communicate between dorsal and ventral horns; in the thoracic cord, also contains projection neurons of the dorsal nucleus of Clarke, a spinocerebellar relay

20
Q

Motor interneurons significance (in the ventral horn division)

A

-Interneurons in the medial aspect of ventral horn that coordinate the activities of lower motor neurons

21
Q

Motor neuron columns significance

A

-Columns of lower motor neurons that govern limb musculature

22
Q

Central gray significance

A

-Interneurons surrounding the rudiment of the central canal

23
Q

Cranial nerve I

A
  • Olfactory
  • Function is smell
  • Sensory
24
Q

Cranial nerve II

A
  • Optic
  • Function is vision
  • Sensory
25
Q

Cranial nerve III

A
  • Oculometer
  • Function eye movement
  • Motor
26
Q

Cranial nerve IV

A
  • Trochlear
  • Function eye movement
  • Motor
27
Q

Cranial nerve V

A
  • Trigeminal
  • Function: Masticatory movements and facial sensation
  • Sensory and motor
28
Q

Cranial nerve VI

A
  • Abducens
  • Function: Eye movement
  • Motor
29
Q

Cranial nerve VII

A
  • Facial
  • Function: facial movement and sensation
  • Sensory and motor
30
Q

Cranial nerve VIII

A
  • Auditory vestibular
  • Functions: hearing and balance
  • Sensory
31
Q

Cranial nerve IX

A
  • Glossopharyngeal
  • Functions: Tongue and pharynx movement and sensation
  • Sensory and motor
32
Q

Cranial nerve X

A
  • Vagus
  • Functions: Heart, blood vessels, viscera, movement of larynx and pharynx
  • Sensory and motor
33
Q

Cranial nerve XI

A
  • Spinal accessory
  • Functions: Neck muscles
  • Motor
34
Q

Cranial nerve XII

A
  • Hypoglossal
  • Functions: Tongue muscles
  • Motor
35
Q

Thalamus

A
  • Surrounds the third ventricle
  • Relay between subcortical structures and cortex
  • Sleep and arousal
36
Q

Circle of Willis

A
  • Creates redundancy
  • Commonness among animals
  • Protect cerebral artery and blood-brain barrier from hemodynamic stress

BMS 598 Synaptic Organization of the Brain (2 decks)

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