Appetite regulation

Question 1

Role of adipose tissue

Answer 1

endocrine organ that secretes adipokines that regulate metabolism, appetite and inflammation. long term energy store

Question 2

types of adipose tissue and their functions

Answer 2

white adipose tissue>stores energy
brown adipose tissue>non shivering thermogenesis (generates heat by burning calories)

Question 3

adiponectin

Answer 3

type of adipokine
secreted exclusively by adipose tissue
increases with exercise
improves insulin sensitivity, enhances FA oxidation, reduces inflammation

Question 4

leptin

Answer 4

secreted in proportion to adiposity
signals satiety, suppresses appetite
tonic response
inverse relationship with exercise

Question 5

ghrelin

Answer 5

main hunger hormone
secreted by stomach, pancreas and small intestine
rises during fasting
stimulated by glucagon and noradrenaline
decreases after feeding triggered by insulin
obesity>lower ghrelin
acylated ghrelin is active form

Question 6

insulin

Answer 6

inhibits ghrelin
promotes satiety

Question 7

amylin

Answer 7

co secreted with insulin
slows gastric emptying
promotes satiety

Question 8

pancreatic polypeptide

Answer 8

reduces appetite
regulates pancreatic secretion

Question 9

CCK

Answer 9

released after eating from small intestine
limits feeding rate and duration

Question 10

peptide YY

Answer 10

delayed response after eating
elevated for long time
limits refeeding
large and small intestine

Question 11

GLP-1

Answer 11

enhances satiety
slows gastric emptying
supports glucose regulation
large and small intestine

Question 12

resting metabolic rate

Answer 12

energy needed to sustain basic physiological functions such as heartbeat, breathing and cellular processes at rest

Question 13

basal metabolic rate

Answer 13

theoretical measure of energy expenditure under strict resting conditions

Question 14

diet induced thermogenesis

Answer 14

energy needed to digest, absorb and process food

Question 15

physical activity energy expenditure

Answer 15

energy burned through voluntary movement

Question 16

adaptive thermogenesis

Answer 16

bodys ability to adjust RMR and DIT in response to environmental or internal change to maintain homeostasis

Question 17

de novo lipogenesis

Answer 17

conversion of excess carbohydrates into fatty acids

Question 18

macronutrients

Answer 18

nutrients you can derive energy from

Question 19

micronutrients

Answer 19

essential vitamins and minerals needed in small amounts
do not provide energy directly