Application: Moral Development (LEC) Flashcards
(37 cards)
A child is faced with the Heinz dilemma and reasons, “He should steal the drug because his wife will die without it, and it’s important to help people in need.” This reasoning best aligns with which stage of Kohlberg’s theory?
A. Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation
B. Stage 3: Good Interpersonal Relationships
C. Stage 4: Maintaining Social Order
D. Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights
B. Stage 3: Good Interpersonal Relationships
According to Piaget’s theory, a 6-year-old child judges a person who accidentally broke 15 cups as naughtier than someone who intentionally broke 1 cup. This reflects:
A. Autonomous morality
B. Morality of cooperation
C. Heteronomous morality
D. Preconventional reasoning
C. Heteronomous morality
In induced guilt experiments, children who experience guilt after violating a moral standard are more likely to:
A. Rationalize their behavior.
B. Avoid repeating the behavior in the future.
C. Develop external moral reasoning.
D. Reject their parents’ moral standards.
B. Avoid repeating the behavior in the future.
A child believes breaking the rules is wrong because adults say so and punishes rule-breakers without considering intent. This view aligns with:
A. Stage 2: Instrumental and Exchange Orientation
B. Stage 4: Social System and Conscience Orientation
C. Morality of constraint
D. Morality of cooperation
C. Morality of constraint (Heteronomous)
Which parenting style is most likely to encourage autonomous morality, confession, and empathy in children?
A. Power assertion
B. Affection
C. Induction
D. Authoritarian
C. Induction
Autonomous Morality (Piaget):
Involves understanding that rules are flexible, based on mutual agreements, and considering intentions rather than just outcomes. It reflects higher levels of moral reasoning.
Parenting Styles:
Power Assertion: Uses authority or punishment to enforce rules, often leading to lower levels of moral development. Children may follow rules out of fear rather than internal understanding.
Affection: Provides emotional warmth and support, promoting trust. While helpful, affection alone is less effective than reasoning when fostering advanced moral understanding.
Induction: Involves explaining the consequences of a child’s actions on others, promoting empathy and moral reasoning. For example, saying, “Hitting your friend hurt their feelings; how do you think that made them feel?”
Research on cheating behavior suggests that individuals at which moral reasoning level are most likely to resist cheating?
A. Preconventional
B. Conventional
C. Postconventional
D. Transitional
C. Postconventional
According to Kohlberg, most adults exhibit moral reasoning at which level?
A. Preconventional
B. Conventional
C. Postconventional
D. Transitional
B. Conventional
A teacher tells a child that their actions hurt a friend, and the child feels guilty for the harm caused. This aligns most closely with:
A. Piaget’s theory of moral reasoning
B. Induction as a parenting strategy
C. Kohlberg’s stage of mutual interpersonal expectations
D. Power assertion in parenting
B. Induction as a parenting strategy
Induction: Explaining consequences of actions on others to promote empathy and moral reasoning.
Higher levels of moral development (when parents provide reason for their punishment)
A young child consistently avoids misbehaving in class because they do not want to be punished by the teacher. This reflects which stage of moral reasoning?
A. Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation
B. Stage 2: Instrumental and Exchange Orientation
C. Stage 3: Good Interpersonal Relationships
D. Stage 4: Social System and Conscience Orientation
A. Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation
According to Piaget, which of the following is critical for children to transition from heteronomous to autonomous morality?
A. Adult-imposed rules and punishments
B. Cognitive maturity and peer interactions
C. Internalized guilt and shame
D. Strict adherence to social systems
B. Cognitive maturity and peer interactions
A parent uses punishment and strict authority to enforce rules, such as grounding their child for lying. What is the likely impact of this approach on the child’s moral development? (Power Assertion)
A. The child develops autonomous morality.
B. The child shows lower levels of moral reasoning and responsibility.
C. The child feels empathy and guilt toward others.
D. The child becomes more honest and communicative.
B. The child shows lower levels of moral reasoning and responsibility.
A parent frequently expresses warmth, trust, and emotional support toward their child. How might this parenting style influence the child’s moral development? (Affection)
A. The child is more likely to experience trust and open communication.
B. The child consistently develops preconventional reasoning.
C. The child shows less concern for peer relationships.
D. The child is less likely to consider the feelings of others.
A. The child is more likely to experience trust and open communication.
When a child pushes a peer during play, their parent calmly explains, “Pushing someone can hurt their feelings. How would you feel if someone pushed you?” What effect does this have on the child’s moral development? (Induction)
A. The child becomes more focused on external consequences than internal standards.
B. The child develops empathy and moral reasoning, leading to autonomous morality.
C. The child feels resentment toward the parent and becomes more rebellious.
D. The child avoids breaking rules out of fear of punishment.
B. The child develops empathy and moral reasoning, leading to autonomous morality.
A child says, “Breaking 15 cups by accident is worse than breaking 1 cup on purpose because more cups were broken.” According to Piaget, this reflects which stage of moral development?
A. Autonomous morality
B. Heteronomous morality
C. Morality of cooperation
D. Transitional morality
B. Heteronomous morality
According to Piaget, which factor contributes most to a child’s transition from heteronomous morality to autonomous morality?
A. Strict parental discipline
B. Peer interactions and cognitive maturity
C. Emotional attachment to parents
D. Increased fear of punishment
B. Peer interactions and cognitive maturity
In Piaget’s morality of constraint (heteronomous morality), what determines whether an action is judged as right or wrong?
A. The individual’s intentions
B. The consequences of the action
C. Mutual agreements among peers
D. Universal ethical principles
B. The consequences of the action
Piaget observed that children in the transitional period begin to:
A. Blindly obey authority without questioning.
B. Believe that rules are rigid and unchangeable.
C. Take others’ perspectives and understand fairness.
D. View moral rules as dictated solely by adults.
C. Take others’ perspectives and understand fairness.
A child at the autonomous morality stage is most likely to believe:
A. Rules are absolute and set by adults.
B. Punishment is justified no matter the intention.
C. Rules can be changed through group agreement.
D. Consequences matter more than intent in moral decisions.
C. Rules can be changed through group agreement.
According to Piaget, why do children in the heteronomous stage view rules as unchangeable?
A. Parental control is coercive and unilateral.
B. Children are motivated by social relationships.
C. Children believe fairness is a shared responsibility.
D. Cognitive maturity leads to a rigid view of morality
A. Parental control is coercive and unilateral.
When asked who is naughtier, a younger child says John (who accidentally broke 15 cups) instead of Henry (who intentionally broke 1 cup). What explains this response according to Piaget?
A. The child focuses on fairness and intent.
B. The child is using autonomous moral reasoning.
C. The child focuses on consequences over intentions.
D. The child is in Kohlberg’s preconventional stage.
C. The child focuses on consequences over intentions.
What is the primary distinction between heteronomous and autonomous morality?
A. Heteronomous morality is focused on intentions, while autonomous morality focuses on rules.
B. Heteronomous morality is authority-driven, while autonomous morality involves mutual agreements.
C. Heteronomous morality is based on social contracts, while autonomous morality is rigid and rule-based.
D. Heteronomous morality is influenced by peers, while autonomous morality is influenced by adults.
B. Heteronomous morality is authority-driven, while autonomous morality involves mutual agreements.
In Kohlberg’s preconventional level of moral reasoning, decisions are primarily based on:
A. Avoiding punishment or gaining rewards.
B. Upholding social duties and laws.
C. Adhering to universal ethical principles.
D. Maintaining good interpersonal relationships.
A. Avoiding punishment or gaining rewards.
Which of the following best describes Stage 3 of Kohlberg’s moral development?
A. Morality is driven by obedience to authority to avoid punishment.
B. Moral reasoning is focused on fulfilling social duties and laws.
C. Good behavior is defined by meeting expectations and maintaining relationships.
D. Moral behavior aligns with self-chosen universal ethical principles.
C. Good behavior is defined by meeting expectations and maintaining relationships.
In the Heinz dilemma, a person reasoning at the postconventional level might say Heinz should steal the drug because:
A. He would be punished if he didn’t try to save his wife.
B. It would make him look like a good husband to others.
C. The value of saving a life outweighs the law against stealing.
D. Breaking the law is always justified if the outcome benefits oneself.
C. The value of saving a life outweighs the law against stealing.
